Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia

Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy
Leader	Vojtěch Filip
Deputy Leaders	Petr Šimůnek Stanislav Grospič Kateřina Konečná Václav Ort
Chamber of Deputies Leader	Pavel Kováčik
MEP Leader	Kateřina Konečná
Founded	1989
Preceded by	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
Headquarters	Politických vězňů 9, Prague
Think tank	Centrum strategických a teoretických studií KSČM
Membership (2017)	37,000[1]
Ideology	Communism[2][3] Marxism[4] Euroscepticism[5][6][7]
Political position	Left-wing to far-left
European affiliation	Party of the European Left (observer)[8]
International affiliation	International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
European Parliament group	European United Left–Nordic Green Left[9]
Colours	Red
Anthem	"Internacionála" "The Internationale"
Chamber of Deputies	15 / 200
Senate	1 / 81
European Parliament	3 / 21
Regional councils [10]	86 / 675
Governors of the regions	1 / 13
Local councils	2,564 / 62,300
Party flag
Website
http://www.kscm.cz/
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v t e

The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (Czech: Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy, KSČM) is a communist party^[2][3] in the Czech Republic. It has a membership of 42,994 (2016) and is a member party of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left bloc in the European Parliament.^[9]

Along with the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova it is one of only two former ruling parties in post-communist Central Eastern Europe which has not dropped the communist title from its name, although it changed its party program to adhere to laws adopted after 1989.^[11][12] For most of the first two decades after the Velvet Revolution, the party was politically isolated and accused of extremism, but it has moved closer to the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD). After the 2012 regional elections, it began governing in coalition with the ČSSD in 10 regions.^[13] It has never been part of a governing coalition in the executive branch. Its youth organisation was banned from 2006 to 2010,^[12][14] and there have been calls from other parties to outlaw the main party.^[15] Until 2013 it was the only political party in the Czech Republic printing its own newspaper, called Haló noviny.^[16]

Contents

• 
  1 History
  


• 
  2 Popular support and electoral results
  
  • 
    2.1 Parliament of the Czech Republic
    
    • 
      2.1.1 Chamber of Deputies (Lower House)
      
    
    
    • 
      2.1.2 Senate (Upper House)
      
    
    
  
  
  • 
    2.2 European Parliament
    
  
  
  • 
    2.3 Local election
    
  
  
  • 
    2.4 Prague municipal elections
    
  
  
  • 
    2.5 Regional election
    
  
  


• 
  3 Leaders
  


• 
  4 References
  


• 
  5 External links
  

History

The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia was formed in 1989 by the Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, which decided to create a party for the territories of Bohemia and Moravia (including Czech Silesia), the areas that were to become the Czech Republic. The new party's organization was significantly more democratic and decentralized than the previous party and gave local district branches of the party significant autonomy.^[17]

In 1990, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was formed, a federation of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and the Communist Party of Slovakia. Later, the Communist Party of Slovakia changed its name to the Party of the Democratic Left, and the federation dissolved in 1992.

During the party's first congress, held in Olomouc in October 1990, party leader Jiří Svoboda attempted to reform the party into a democratic socialist one, proposing a democratic socialist program and changing the name to the transitional "Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia: Party of Democratic Socialism."^[18] Svoboda had to balance the criticisms of older conservative communists, who made up a majority of the party's members, with the demands of an increasingly large and moderate bloc of members, led primarily by a group of young KSČM parliamentarians called the Democratic Left, who demanded the immediate social democratization of the party.^[11] Delegates approved the new program but rejected the name change.^[11]

During 1991 and 1992 factional tensions increased, with the party's conservative anti-revisionist wing increasingly vocal in criticizing Svoboda.^[11] There was an increase in popularity of the anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist Clubs amongst rank and file party members.^[11] On the party's other wing, the Democratic Left became increasingly critical of the slow pace of the reforms and began demanding a referendum of members to change the name.^[11] In December 1991 the Democratic Left split off and formed the short-lived Party of Democratic Labour.^[11] The referendum on changing the name was held in 1992, with 75.94% voting not to change the name.^[11]

The party's second congress, held in Kladno in December 1992, showed the increasing popularity of the party's anti-revisionist wing.^[11] It passed resolutions reinterpreting the 1990 program as a "starting point" for the KSČM, rather than a definitive statement of a post-communist program.^[11] Svoboda, who was hospitalized due to an attack by an anti-communist, could not attend the congress but was nevertheless overwhelmingly re-elected.^[11] After the party's second congress in 1992, several groups split away. A group of post-communist delegates split off and merged with the Party of Democratic Labour to form the Party of the Democratic Left (SDL).^[17] Several independent left-wing members who had participated with the KSČM in the 1992 electoral pact called the Left Bloc left the party to form the Left Bloc Party (SLB).^[17] Both groups eventually merged into the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS),^[19] which does some joint work, and co-operates with the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia.

In 1993, Svoboda attempted to expel the members of the 'For Socialism' platform, a group in the party that wanted a restoration of the pre-1989 communist regime.^[20] However, with only the lukewarm support of the KSČM's Central Committee, he briefly resigned. He withdrew his resignation after the Central Committee agreed to move the party's next congress forward to June 1993 to resolve the issues of its name and ideology.^[17]

At the 1993 congress, held in Prostějov, Svoboda's proposals were overwhelmingly rejected by two-thirds majorities.^[17] Svoboda did not seek re-election as chairman, and neocommunist Miroslav Grebeníček was elected chairman.^[17] Grebeníček and his supporters were critical of what they termed the "inadequacies" of the pre-1989 regime but supported the retention of the party's communist character and program.^[17] The members of the 'For Socialism' platform were expelled at the congress, with the existence of "platforms" in the party being banned altogether, on the grounds that they gave too much influence to minority groups.^[17] Svoboda left the party and eventually joined the ČSSD in 1997.

The expelled members of 'For Socialism' formed the 'Party of Czechoslovak Communists' (later renamed the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia), led by Miroslav Štěpán.^[19] The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia refuses to work with this group.

The party was left on the sidelines for most of the first decade of the Czech Republic's existence. Václav Havel suspected the KSČM was still an unreconstructed Stalinist party and prevented it from having any influence during his presidency. However, the party provided the one-vote margin that elected Havel's successor Václav Klaus as president.^[21]

After a long-running battle with the Ministry of the Interior, the Communist Youth Union (KSM), the KSCM youth section led by Milan Krajča, was dissolved in 2006, allegedly for endorsing in its program the replacement of private with collective ownership of the means of production.^[14] The decision met with international protests.^[22]

In November 2008, the Senate of the Czech Republic asked the Supreme Administrative Court to dissolve the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia because of its political program, which the Senate claimed contradicted the Constitution of the Czech Republic. 30 out of the 38 senators who were present agreed to this request and expressed the view that the program of KSČM did not reject violence as a means of attaining power and adopted The Communist Manifesto of Karl Marx.^[23] However, this was only a symbolic gesture, as according to the Constitution only the Cabinet may file a petition with the Supreme Administrative Court to dissolve a political party.

Popular support and electoral results

The KSČM's strongest bases of support are in the regions hit by deindustrialization, particularly in the Karlovy Vary and Ústí nad Labem Regions. In 2012 the party won a regional election for the first time, in Ústí nad Labem. Its regional leader Oldřich Bubeníček subsequently became the first communist regional governor in the history of Czech Republic.^[24] The party is stronger among older voters than younger voters, with the majority of the membership being over 60.^[25] The party is also stronger in small and medium-sized towns than in big cities,^[26] with Prague consistently being the party's weakest region.

Parliament of the Czech Republic

Chamber of Deputies (Lower House)

Chamber of Deputies
Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	±	Place	Position
1990	954,690	13.2	33 / 200		2nd	in opposition
1992	909,490	14.0[a]	35 / 200	2	2nd	in opposition
1996	626,136	10.3	22 / 200	13	3rd	in opposition
1998	658,550	11.0	24 / 200	2	3rd	in opposition
2002	882,653	18.5	41 / 200	17	3rd	in opposition
2006	685,328	12.8	26 / 200	15	3rd	in opposition
2010	589,765	11.3	26 / 200	0	4th	in opposition
2013	741,044	14.9	33 / 200	7	3rd	in opposition
2017	393,100	7.8	15 / 200	18	5th	gov′t support

Notes:

1. 
   ^ In 1992 KSČM participated in the Left Bloc, an electoral alliance with smaller leftwing groups and independents.^[11]
   

Senate (Upper House)

Senate
Election year	First Round		Second Round		# of seats won	# of overall seats won	±
	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall votes	% of overall vote
1996	393,494	14.3	45,304	2.0	2 / 81	2 / 81
1998	159,123	16.5	31,097	5.8	2 / 27	4 / 81	2
2000	152,934	17.8	73,372	13.0	0 / 27	3 / 81	1
2002	110,171	16.5	57,434	7.0	1 / 27	3 / 81	0
2004	125,892	17.4	65,136	13.6	1 / 27	2 / 81	1
2006	134,863	12.7	26,001	4.5	0 / 27	2 / 81	0
2008	147,186	14.1			1 / 27	3 / 81	1
2010	117,374	10.2			0 / 27	2 / 81	1
2012	153,335	17.4	79,663	15.5	1 / 27	2 / 81	0
2014	99,973	9.74			0 / 27	1 / 81	1
2016	83,741	9.50	5,737	1.35	0 / 27	1 / 81	0

European Parliament

European Parliament
Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	±
2004	472,862	20.3	6 / 24
2009	334,577	14.2	4 / 22	2
2014	166,478	11.0	3 / 21	1

Local election

Year	Vote	Vote %	Seats
1994	17,413,545	13.6	5,837 / 62,160
1998	10,703,975	13.7	5,748 / 62,920
2002	11 696 976	14.5	5,702 / 62,494
2006	11,730,243	10.8	4,268 / 62,426
2010	8,628,685	9.6	3,189 / 62,178
2014	7,730,503	7.8	2,510 / 62,300

Prague municipal elections

Year	Leader	Vote	Vote %	Seats	+/−	Place	Position
1990		1,234,294	14.2	11 / 76		2nd	Opposition
1994	Petr Zajíček	3,022,628	10.7	6 / 55	5	2nd	Opposition
1998	Libuše Eliášová	207,977	10.0	8 / 55	2	4th	Opposition
2002	Viktor Pázler	485,322	10.8	8 / 70	2	4th	Opposition
2006	František Hoffman	2,096,785	7.9	6 / 70	2	3rd	Opposition
2010	Dagmar Gušlbauerová	235,004	6.8	3 / 65	3	4th	Opposition
2014	Marta Semelová	1,225,102	5.9	4 / 65	1	6th	Opposition

Regional election

Year	Vote	Vote %	Seats	+/-	Place
2000	496,688	21.1	161 / 675		3rd
2004	416,807	19.7	157 / 675		2nd
2008	438,024	15.0	114 / 675		3rd
2012	538,953	20.4	182 / 675		2nd
2016	267,047	10.6	86 / 675		3rd

Leaders

• 
  Jiří Machalík (31 March 1990 - 13 October 1990)


• 
  Jiří Svoboda (13 October 1990 - 25 June 1993)


• 
  Miroslav Grebeníček (26 June 1993 - September 2005)


• 
  Vojtěch Filip (since 1 October 2005)

References

1. 
   ^ "Levici trápí úbytek členů. KSČM ztratila tisíce, naopak „táhne" SPD". iDNES.cz. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018. 
   


2. 
   ^ ^ab Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Czechia". Parties and Elections in Europe. 
   


3. 
   ^ ^ab Bozóki, A & Ishiyama, J (2002) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, pp150-153
   


4. 
   ^ "Naděje pro Českou republiku (2006)" (PDF). kscm.cz (in Czech). 29 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2017. 
   


5. 
   ^ "How Europe will break on Brexit". Politico.eu. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016. 
   


6. 
   ^ "O Brexitu neboli proč by EU měla jít". kscm.cz. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017. 
   


7. 
   ^ "Krachující Evropská unie a Česká republika". kscm.cz. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017. 
   


8. 
   ^ "Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia". european-left.org. Retrieved 20 August 2017. 
   


9. 
   ^ ^ab "European United Left & Nordic Green Left European Parliamentary Group delegations". www-guengl.eu. Retrieved 20 August 2017. 
   


10. 
    ^ Počty přidělených mandátů | volby.cz (in Czech)
    


11. 
    ^ ^abcdefghijkl Bozóki & Ishiyama, p146
    


12. 
    ^ ^ab "Elections: What's on the menu (in English)". Prague Daily Monitor. 25 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2013. 
    


13. 
    ^ ČSSD to rule along with Communists in 10 of 13 Czech regions | Prague Monitor
    


14. 
    ^ ^ab "Communists denounce ban on far-left youth movement". Radio Praha (in anglais). 19 October 2006. Retrieved 21 December 2017. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
    


15. 
    ^ "Czech Activists Seek to Outlaw Communist Party". The New York Times. 23 December 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2016. 
    


16. 
    ^ "Halonoviny.cz - české levicové zprávy". Retrieved 25 May 2016. 
    


17. 
    ^ ^abcdefgh Bozóki & Ishiyama, p147
    


18. 
    ^ Bozóki & Ishiyama, pp145-146
    


19. 
    ^ ^ab Bozóki & Ishiyama, p157
    


20. 
    ^ Bozóki & Ishiyama, pp146-147
    


21. 
    ^ Thompson, Wayne C. (2008). The World Today Series: Nordic, Central and Southeastern Europe 2008. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. ISBN 978-1-887985-95-6. 
    


22. 
    ^ "Czech Communist Youth Union outlawed". The Guardian. Communist Party of Australia. 25 October 2006. Retrieved 2017-12-19. 
    


23. 
    ^ iDNES.cz, ČTK (Česká tisková kancelář). "Komunisté ve světě nás nedají, říká o hrozbě rozpuštění šéf KSČM". iDnes, the online portal of Mladá fronta DNES. Retrieved 8 November 2008. 
    


24. 
    ^ "Oldřich Bubeníček". Novinky.cz. Retrieved 25 May 2016. 
    


25. 
    ^ Bozóki & Ishiyama, p155
    


26. 
    ^ Bozóki & Ishiyama, p156
    

External links

• 
  Dan Hough, William E. Paterson and James Sloam (eds.) Learning from the West? Policy Transfer and Programmatic Change in the Communist Successor Parties of East Central Europe. London: Routledge, 2005 (in English)
  

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy.

• KSČM website


• Communist Youth Union website

v t e Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
Leaders	Jiří Machalík Jiří Svoboda Miroslav Grebeníček Vojtěch Filip
Leadership elections	1990 (March) 1990 (October) 1992 1993 1995 1999 2004 2005 2008 2012 2016 2018
Presidential candidates	Marie Stiborová Stanislav Fischer Miroslav Kříženecký Jana Bobošíková
Organisation	Haló noviny Communist Youth Union Young Communists Centrum strategických a teoretických studií KSČM
Alliances	International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties Party of European Left European United Left–Nordic Green Left
Communism portal

v t e Political parties in the Czech Republic
Bracketed numbers indicate numbers of seats in the respective chambers.
Chamber of Deputies 2017 (200 seats)	ANO 2011 (78) Civic Democratic Party (25) Czech Pirate Party (22) Freedom and Direct Democracy (22) Communist Party (15) Czech Social Democratic Party (15) Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (10) TOP 09 (7) Mayors and Independents (6)
Senate 2016 (81 seats)	Czech Social Democratic Party (17) Civic Democratic Party (9) Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (8) Mayors for Liberec Region (2) Senator 21 (2) Green Party (1) Party of Civic Rights (1) Občané pro Budějovice (1) Hnutí pro Prahu 11 (1) Communist Party (1) Občané patrioti (1) Severočeši.cz (1) Mayors and Independents (1) TOP 09 (1) United Democrats - Association of Independents (1) non-affiliated (31) vacant (2)
European Parliament 2014 (21 seats)	TOP 09+Mayors and Independents (4) Czech Social Democratic Party (4) Communist Party (3) Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (3) ANO 2011 (2) Civic Democratic Party (2) Party of Free Citizens (1) non-affiliated (2)
Regional Assemblies 2016 (675 seats)	ANO 2011 (176) Czech Social Democratic Party (125) Communist Party (86) Civic Democratic Party (76) Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (55) Mayors and Independents (38) TOP 09 (19) Mayors for Liberec Region (18) Freedom and Direct Democracy (18) Party of Civic Rights (16) Green Party (9) SNK European Democrats (6) Czech Pirate Party (5) Freeholder Party of the Czech Republic (3) Party of Free Citizens (2) Political Movement Change (2) Others (21)
Other parties	Coalition for Republic – Republican Party of Czechoslovakia Change for People Citizen 2011 Civic Conservative Party Civic Democratic Alliance Club of Committed Non-Party Members Conservative Party Czech Sovereignty Democratic Green Party Good Choice 2016 Crown of Bohemia Moravané National Socialists – 21st Century Left National Democracy Order of the Nation Party of Common Sense Realists Right Bloc Workers' Party of Social Justice Czech National Social Party
Sources Chamber of Deputies Senate Statistical Office Politics of the Czech Republic Politics portal List of political parties by country

v t e Orthodox Communist parties in Europe
Abkhazia Albania PKSH PKSH 8 Nëntori Armenia Austria KPÖ PdA Azerbaijan AKP AYNKP Belarus Belarus Belgium PvdA/PTB PC Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria KPB BKP-M SKB Croatia SRP CA Cyprus Czech Republic Czech Republic Denmark KP KPiD DKP AKP Finland KTP SKP KL France Georgia Germany DKP KPD MLPD Greece KKE KKE (m-l) Anasintaxi M-L KKE ΚΟΕ NAR Hungary MKM MM 2006 MSZMP Ireland CPI WPI Italy PCI PRC PMLI PCIM-L PC Latvia Latvia Lithuania LKP SLF Luxembourg Macedonia SKM STLS Moldova Moldova Netherlands Netherlands Norway NKP Rødt Poland PZPR Poland Portugal PCP PCTP Romania Russia CPRF ROT Front San Marino Slovakia South Ossetia Spain PCE PCPE PCE (m-l) PCOE PCE(r) PTD RC UCE CdC PSAN Endavant-OSAN UPG FPG MGS PCPG Sweden KP SKP Switzerland Transnistria Turkey KP HTKP MLKP TKEP TKEP/L TDKP TKİP TKP/ML KKP MKP KDH/L United Kingdom CPB RCG CPGB-ML NCPB CPGB-PCC CPB-ML RCPB-ML CL CPS Ukraine KPU KPU(o) KPRS Borotba
Communism portal

v t e Party of the European Left
European Parliament group: European United Left–Nordic Green Left
Parties	Member parties KPÖ PC ПКБ/PKB BL/БЛ SDS Ø EÜV SKP Vas. Ensemble! PCF PG Die Linke Syriza/ΣΥΡΙΖΑ Munkáspárt 2006 Left Party PRC Déi Lénk/La Gauche/Die Linke B.E. PCRM PSR SU ZL IU PCE EUiA PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL ÖDP Left Unity Observer parties AKEL/ΑΚΕΛ KSČM PCI YKP BKP KSS Former members KP SYN/ΣΥΝ Munkáspárt RCS
Party presidents	Fausto Bertinotti Lothar Bisky Pierre Laurent Gregor Gysi
European Parliament Group presidents	Giorgio Amendola Guido Fanti Gianni Cervetti René-Émile Piquet Alekos Alavanos Joaquim Miranda Luigi Alberto Colajanni Alonso José Puerta Francis Wurtz Lothar Bisky Gabriele Zimmer
Heads of government at the Council of the European Union	Alexis Tsipras (Greece) see European Council
Other prominent figures	Gesine Lötzsch Klaus Ernst
See also	European Parliament Elections to the European Parliament List of anti-capitalist and communist parties with national parliamentary representation
Eurofoundation: Transform Europe

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