9×39mm

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9×39mm
9×39mm SP-6 (7N9) cartridges with blue-tip armor-piercing bullets
Type	Rifle, subsonic
Place of origin	Soviet Union  Russia
Production history
Designed	Began in 1940s, finished in 1980s
Specifications
Parent case	7.62×39mm
Case type	Rimless, bottleneck
Bullet diameter	9,25 (SP-5) 9,26 (SP-6)
Neck diameter	9.98 mm (0.393 in)
Shoulder diameter	10.36 mm (0.408 in)
Base diameter	11.35 mm (0.447 in)
Rim diameter	11.35 mm (0.447 in)
Rim thickness	1.50 mm (0.059 in)
Case length	38,76 (SP-5) 38,78 (SP-6)
Overall length	56 mm (2.2 in)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy 16.8 g (259 gr) SP5 280 m/s (920 ft/s) 658–723 J (485–533 ft⋅lbf)

The 9×39mm is a Soviet / Russian rifle cartridge and is the world’s longest developed modern bullet.^[1]

Contents

• 
  1 History and design
  


• 
  2 Variants
  


• 
  3 Weapons
  


• 
  4 See also
  


• 
  5 Bibliography
  


• 
  6 References
  


• 
  7 External links
  

History and design

It is based on the Russian 7.62×39 mm round, but with an expanded neck to accommodate a 9 mm (.356 caliber) bullet. The cartridge was beginning to be designed in the 1940s by a team of a supposed 27 unknown members, but was later finished by N. Zabelin, L. Dvoryaninova and Y. Frolov of the TsNIITochMash in the 1980s. The intent was to create a subsonic cartridge for suppressed firearms for special forces units that had more power, range and penetration than handgun and some rifle cartridges. The 5.45×39 mm cartridge introduced in 1974 for the AK-74 lacks sufficient bullet weight (at 53 gr to 80 gr) for acceptable energy at subsonic velocities. The bullet of the 9×39 mm is approximately 16 g (250 gr), double that of the normal 123 gr 7.62×39 mm round, and is subsonic. This slow velocity does not produce a sonic boom, but does limit the muzzle energy and effective range of a weapon when compared to non-suppressed rifles. The round has an effective lethal range of 400 to 530 meters and a maximum penetration of up to 10 mm of steel. Like the 5.45×39mm cartridge, 9×39mm SP-5 features an airpocket in the tip, which improves its capability to yaw after impact, and thus increase its effect on soft tissue.

Variants

Cartridge	SP-5	SP-5UZ	SP-6	SP-6UCh	PAB-9	SPP	BP
Type	sniper	test (increased charge)	armor-piercing	training	armor-piercing	sniper (increased penetration)	armor-piercing
Bullet weight [g]	up to 16.8		about 16		up to 17.3
Muzzle velocity [m/s]	280–320		280–320		280–320
Muzzle energy [J]	658-860				678-886
Maximum penetration			up to 8 mm of steel		up to 10 mm of steel

SP-5 (7N8) - The SP-5 (СП-5) (SP: Spetsialnyj Patron; "special cartridge") was developed by Nikolai Zabelin. It is a conventional lead core FMJ bullet, developed for accuracy.

SP-5UZ - The SP-5UZ (СП5-УЗ) is an SP-5 variant with an increased charge intended for a factory-specific strength testing of the weapons.

SP-6 (7N9) - The SP-6 (СП-6) was developed by Yuri Frolov. It has a hardened metal armor-piercing core. It can penetrate 2 mm (0.079 in) of steel at 500 meters or 6 mm (0.24 in) of steel, 2.8 mm (0.11 in) of titanium or 30 layers of Kevlar at 200 meters. At 100 meters it penetrates 8 mm (0.31 in) of steel, while retaining enough power to neutralize a soft target behind it.^[2]

SP-6UCh - The SP-6Uch (СП-6Уч) is an SP-6 variant intended for training.

PAB-9 (7N12) - The SP-6's bullet is expensive, so an attempt was made to make a lower-cost version of the cartridge. The PAB-9 (ПАБ-9) used a stamped rather than machined steel core. It sacrificed too much performance to be usable. As of 2011^[update], its usage is prohibited.^[3]

SPP - The SPP (СПП) (SPP: Snaiperskie Povishennaya Probivaemost; "sniper - increased penetration") is a sniper round with increased penetration.

BP - The BP (БП) (BP: Broneboin'ie Pulya; "armor-piercing bullet") is an armor-piercing round.

Weapons

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

• 9A-91


• AK-9


• AS "Val"


• OTs-12 "Tiss"


• OTs-14-4A "Groza"


• Vintorez AR^[4]


• SR-3, SR-3M "Vikhr"


• VSK-94


• VSS "Vintorez"


• AMB-17


• AM-17


• VSSM Vintorez

See also

• .300 Whisper


• 300 AAC Blackout (7.62×35mm)


• 12.7×55mm STs-130

Bibliography

• 
  Jane's Infantry Weapons 1997-98^[5]

References

1. 
   ^ Николаев, Андриан. "Патроны для стрелкового оружия - Военный паритет" [Ammunition for firearms]. Militaryparitet.com (in Russian). Retrieved 2013-12-08. 
   


2. 
   ^ "Специальные патроны СП-5, СП-6 и ПАБ-9" [Special bullets SP-5, SP-6 and PAB-9.]. artillerist.ru (in Russian). 2008-04-02. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved 2015-03-24. 
   


3. 
   ^ "Специальные патроны СП-5, СП-6 и ПАБ-9" [Special bullets SP-5, SP-6 and PAB-9.]. artillerist.ru (in Russian). 2008-04-02. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved 2015-03-24. 
   


4. 
   ^ "Piedmont". piedmont. Retrieved 2018-07-26. 
   


5. 
   ^ Jane's Infantry Weapons 1997-98 (23rd ed.). Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group. p. 458. ISBN 0-7106-1548-5. 
   

External links

Cartridges

• left to right : SP-5, SP-6, PAB-9, BP, SPP
  


• left to right : SP-5, SP-6, PAB-9, SPP, BP
  


• left to right : SP-6, BP (2006), PAB-9, BP (2008)

Bullets

• left to right : SP-5, SPP, SP-6, PAB-9, BP (?), BP (2006), BP (2008)

Others

• Modern Firearms - Special purpose small arms ammunition of USSR and Russia


• 9×39mm special cartridges

v t e Cartridges derived from the 7.62×39mm or its derivatives
First generation derivatives	5.6х39mm/.220 Russian 9×39mm .366 TKM
Second generation derivatives (based on 5.6х39mm/.220 Russian)	.22 PPC 6 mm PPC 6.5mm Grendel .30 Walker
Third generation derivatives (based on 6.5mm Grendel)	6mm AR