CASA/IPTN CN-235

Family of transport aircraft by CASA and IPTN

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CN-235
A CASA CN-235 of the Maritime Safety and Rescue Society
Role	Transport aircraft/maritime patrol aircraft
Manufacturer	Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA IPTN
First flight	11 November 1983
Introduction	1 March 1988
Status	Active service
Primary users	Turkish Air Force United States Air Force French Air Force Republic of Korea Air Force Irish Air Corps
Produced	1983[citation needed]–present[1]
Number built	284[2] (+ > 57 IPTN)[3]
Unit cost	$ 34 million [4]
Variants	EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry
Developed into	Airbus C-295 Indonesian Aerospace N-245

The CASA/IPTN CN-235 is a medium-range twin-engined transport aircraft that was jointly developed by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) of Spain and Indonesian manufacturer IPTN, as a regional airliner and military transport. Its primary military roles include maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport. Its largest user is Turkey, which has 59 aircraft.^[5]

Contents

• 
  1 Design and development
  
  • 
    1.1 Commercial airliner
    
  
  


• 
  2 Variants
  


• 
  3 Operators
  
  • 
    3.1 Military operators
    
  
  
  • 
    3.2 Former Military operators
    
  
  
  • 
    3.3 Government and paramilitary operators
    
  
  
  • 
    3.4 Civil operators
    
  
  


• 
  4 Notable accidents
  


• 
  5 Aircraft on display
  


• 
  6 Specifications (CN235)
  


• 
  7 See also
  


• 
  8 References
  


• 
  9 External links
  

Design and development

The project was a joint venture between Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) and Indonesian Aerospace (PT. Dirgantara Indonesia), formerly known as IPTN, which formed Airtech International to manage the programme. The partnership applied only to the Series 10 and Series 100/110, with later versions being developed independently. Over 230 of all versions of CN-235 are in service and have accumulated more than 500,000 flight hours.

Design began in January 1980 with the first flight on 11 November 1983. Spanish and Indonesian certification was on 20 June 1986; the first flight of the production aircraft was on 19 August 1986 and CASA's FAA type approval was granted on 3 December 1986. The aircraft entered service on 1 March 1988

In 1994 the Irish Air Corps took delivery of two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft having used one on loan from CASA from 1992 while their own aircraft were being built.

In 1995, CASA launched development of a stretched CN-235 as the C-295. In December 2002, the Colombian Navy ordered two CN-235 for patrol and anti-drug trafficking missions.

In April 2005, Venezuela ordered two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft plus 10 transport planes but the operation was halted because the United States government refused to allow the transfer of what they deemed to be US technology in the avionics.^[6]

In January 2006, Thailand placed an order with Indonesian Aerospace for ten aircraft, six for the Ministry of Defence and four for the Ministry of Agriculture.

In December 2007, Spain ordered two CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft for the Guardia Civil, for delivery 2008–2009.

One CN-235 MPA aircraft was delivered by Indonesian Aerospace to the Indonesian defence ministry in June 2008.

Royal Malaysian Air Force

In August 2006, three CASA CN-235-10 aircraft remained in airline service, in Africa, with Safair (two) and Tiko Air (one).^[7]Asian Spirit operated a lone CN-235-220 in the Philippines, correct as of June/July 2007.

In early July 2008, the Mexican Navy announced that it would purchase six CASA CN-235s from Spain.^[8] In April 2010, Hervé Morin, French Minister of Defence, announced the order of eight CN-235-300s from Spain.^[9]

In 2011, Indonesian Aerospace was still working on 4 CN-235-110 MPAs for South Korea Coast Guard with amount of $96 million.^[10]

The Senegalese Air Force acquired two CN-235s in 2010 and August 2012 under a $13 million contract. They plan to buy two more aircraft for VIP and cargo duties. The Air Force is also interested in the maritime patrol version of the aircraft.^[11]

Commercial airliner

Merpati Nusantara's CN-235 in Indonesia

Although the CN-235 was designed for military purposes in the 1980s, it began to be used as a commercial plane, although it wasn't a very big success for airlines. Possibly its lack of success was due to its 50-passenger capacity and short range coupled with high fuel usage. Iberia LAE, Spain's flag carrier, bought four CN-235s from CASA aircraft for regional routes but in 1992 Aerolíneas Argentinas (then also a subsidiary of Iberia) ordered two of these aircraft for regional routes – to be operated by its subsidiary, Austral.

In 2015, Indonesian Aerospace announced that they are currently planning a new variant of CN-235 called N-245 that will be designed specially for civil operation and able to carry up to 60 passengers. Previously also known as CN-235NG, this variant planned to be fully launched after Indonesian Aerospace N-219 project is done and expected to be fully certified in 2019. Further planned development is N-270, a stretched version of N-245 that able to carry up to 70–90 passengers and planned to be developed in 2019–2024.^[12]

Variants

CN-235-200M of the Royal Thai Police

A CASA CN-235 of the Spanish Air Force

CN-235-10

Initial production version (15 built by each company), with GE CT7-7A engines.

CN-235-100/110

Generally as series 10, but with GE CT7-9C engines in new composites nacelles; replaced Series 10 in 1988 from 31st production aircraft. Series 100 is Spanish-built, series 110 Indonesian-built, with improved electrical, warning and environmental systems.

CN-235-200/220

Improved version. Structural reinforcements to cater for higher operating weights, aerodynamic improvements to wing leading-edges and rudder, reduced field length requirements and much-increased range with maximum payload. Series 200 is Spanish-built, Series 220 Indonesian-built. Series 220 still in production.

CN-235-300

CASA Modification of 200/220 series, with the Honeywell International Corp. avionics suite. Other features include improved pressurization and provision for optional twin-nosewheel installation.

CN-235-330 Phoenix

Modification of Series 200/220, offered by IPTN with new Honeywell avionics, ARL-2002 EW system and 16.800 kg/37.037 lb MTOW, to Royal Australian Air Force to meet Project Air 5190 tactical airlift requirement, but was forced by financial constraints to withdraw in 1998.^[13]

CN-235 MPA

A CASA CN-235 MPA of the Indonesian Air Force

Maritime patrol version with 6 hardpoints to carry AM-39 Exocet-Missiles or Mk.46-Torpedoes.^[14]

HC-144 Ocean Sentry

United States Coast Guard designation for a planned twenty-two^[15] aircraft fleet bought to replace the small HU-25 Guardian business-style jets. As of 2010^[update], twelve ^[16] had been delivered.

AC-235

A light gunship modified with integrated weapons pylons to carry AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and 70MM rockets, has a side-mounted 30mm cannon, and a Synthetic aperture radar. The collaborative effort was made by King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau of Jordan, and the U.S. Defense company Orbital ATK^[17][18]

Operators

Military operators

CN-235 world operators:

  Military operators

  Only government operators

  Former operators

 Botswana

• The Botswana Defence Force Air Wing operates two CN-235 aircraft.^[5][19]

 Brunei

• The Royal Brunei Air Force operates one CN-235.^[5][20]

 Burkina Faso

• The Military of Burkina Faso operates one CN-235.^[20]

 Cameroon

• 
  Cameroon Air Force ordered one CN-235 in June 2012.^[21] Delivery took place in July 2013.^[22]

 Chile

• The Chilean Army operates three CN-235.^[23]

 Colombia

• The Colombian Air Force and the Colombian National Armada operate a total of five CN-235 aircraft.^[5][24]

 Ecuador

• The Ecuadorian Army^{[citation needed]}and Ecuadorian Navy operate four CN-235s.^[5][24]

 France

• The French Air Force operates 27 aircraft.^[5][25]

 Gabon

• The Gabonese Air Force operates one CN-235.^[5]

 Indonesia

• The Indonesian Air Force operates the CN-235 and Indonesian Navy operates the CN235MPA.^[26] As 2018 eight CN-235 in service with the airforce and five CN-235 in service with the navy.^[5]

 Ireland

• The Irish Air Corps operates 2 CN235-100 employed as maritime patrol aircraft. Delivery took place in 1994^[27]

 Jordan

• The Royal Jordanian Air Force leases two aircraft from the Turkish Air Force.

 Malaysia

• The Royal Malaysian Air Force operates CN-235.From the total of eight aircraft seven remained in service as 2018 due to one aircraft crashed in 2016.^[28][5][29]

 Mexico

• The Mexican Navy operates eight CN235-300MPA.^[5] The first two were delivered in September 2010.^[30][31]

A RMAF's CN-235-100M

 Morocco

• The Moroccan Air Force operates five aircraft.^[5][29]

   Nepal

• The Nepalese Army's Aviation Brigade signed a deal on 16 June 2017 to purchase its very first CN235-220, and began negotiations in February 2018 to purchase a second from Indonesian Aerospace.^[32][33]

 Pakistan

• The Pakistan Air Force operates four CN235-220 aircraft.^[5][34]

 Papua New Guinea

• The Papua New Guinea Defence Force operate one aircraft.^[5][35]

 South Korea

• The Republic of Korea Air Force operates 20 airframes; 12 built by CASA in Spain, 8 by IPTN in Indonesia^[5][36]


• The Korean Coast Guard operates four aircraft.^[5]

 Senegal

• The Senegalese Air Force operates two aircraft.^[5][37][38]

 Spain

• The Spanish Air Force operates eighteen aircraft.^[5][39]


• The Spanish Civil Guard operates 5 aircraft for surveillance duties.^[5]

 Thailand

• The Royal Thai Air Force operates three aircraft.^[5]

 Turkey

• The Turkish Army,^[40]Turkish Air Force^[41] and Turkish Navy^[41] operate 59 aircraft.^[5]

 United Arab Emirates

• The Military of the United Arab Emirates operates six aircraft.^[5]

US Air Force CN-235-100M QC

 United States

• The United States Air Force operates thirteen aircraft.^[5][42]


• The United States Coast Guard operates eighteen aircraft – see EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry.

Former Military operators

 Austria

• Austrian Air Force

 Bophuthatswana

• 
  Bophuthatswana Air Force (1, incorporated into South African Air Force)^[36]

 Panama

• 
  Panama National Guard (Until 1995)^[36]

 South Africa

• 
  South African Air Force (From Bophuthatswana Air Force – retired July 2012)^{[citation needed]}

 Yemen

• 
  Yemen Air Force ^[43] (1x CN-235-300) The only aircraft of the type, registration number 2211, factory number 168988, serial number 188, was destroyed in a Saudi airstrike on March 25, 2015.^[44][45]

Government and paramilitary operators

A CASA CN-235-300 MPA of the Spanish Maritime Safety Agency

 Oman

• 
  Royal Oman Police (2 x CN-235-M100)

 Spain

• 
  Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima (Spanish Maritime Safety Agency) (3 X CN-235 MPA)

 Mexico

• 
  Mexican Federal Police (2x CN235)^[46]

 Thailand

• 
  Royal Thai Police (2 x CN235-200)

Civil operators

Binter Mediterraneo CN-235

Presidential Airways CN-235, formerly belonging to Binter Mediterráneo

 Argentina

• 
  Inter Austral airlines, a subsidiary of Austral Líneas Aéreas, was later integrated into Aerolíneas Argentinas, one ex-Binter.

 Indonesia

• 
  Merpati Nusantara Airlines once operated 15


• 
  Pelita Air Service had two.

 Madagascar

• 
  Tiko Air had one (C012)

 Namibia

• 
  Air Namibia operated one from 2001–2006

 Spain

• 
  Binter Canarias and Binter Mediterraneo, both then subsidiaries of Iberia, operated four and five respectively from 1989 to 1997

 South Africa

• 
  Safair has two CN-235s

 United States

• 
  Prescott Support Company Inc, operating two CASA CN-235


• 
  Flight International and Flight Turbo AC with one each


• 
  L-3 Communication Systems acquired two aircraft.


• 
  Presidential Airways, Operates one former Binter Canarias.

 Venezuela

• 
  Air Venezuela had 2 (1999–2001)

Notable accidents

On 18 Oct 1992, Merpati Nusantara Airlines (Registration PK-MNN) CN-235-10 Flight 5601 crashed on Garut, Indonesia, killing all 31 people on board ^[47]

On 19 January 2001, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 training mission crashed near Kayseri after entering a spin from which recovery was not possible, killing all 3 people on board^[48][49]

On 16 May 2001, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control, killing all 34 people on board.^[49][50]

On 18 May 2001, a Turkish Navy CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control after reaching an altitude of just 100 feet, killing all 4 people on board.^[49][51]

On 29 August 2001, Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 (Registration EC-FBC) crash-landed at Málaga, Spain, killing four of the 44 passengers and crew aboard.^[52] The aircraft was scrapped.^[53]

On 11 Feb 2013 a CN-235 crashed into a forest 45 km south of Monrovia, Liberia, 8 km to Roberts International Airport, killing 11 people amongst them Souleymane Kelefa Diallo, Guinea army chief.^[54]

On 1 Aug 2015 a CN-235-200M operated by the Colombian Air Force crashed in Cesar province, Colombia due to engine failure, killing 11 people.^[55]

On 26 February 2016, a CN-235 operated by the Royal Malaysian Air Force crashed in a swamp in Kuala Selangor with no casualties.^[56] However, a local fisherman drowned during the rescue.

On 17 January 2018, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 on a training mission crashed with two pilots and a technician on board near Isparta. All on board were killed.

Aircraft on display

• SAAF 8026 (cn: P3) South African Air Force on display at the South African Air Force Museum AFB Swartkop, Pretoria. This was one of three CN235 prototypes and served with the Bophutatswana Air Force before service with the SAAF.^{[57][verification needed]}

Specifications (CN235)

Data from Airbus Military^[58]

General characteristics

• 
  Crew: two, pilot and co-pilot


• 
  Capacity: 51 passengers, 35 paratroops, 18 stretchers or four HCU-6/E pallets including one on the ramp


• 
  Payload: 6,000 kg (13,100 lb)


• 
  Length: 21.40 m (70 ft 2​¹⁄₂ in)


• 
  Wingspan: 25.81 m (84 ft 8 in)


• 
  Height: 8.18 m (26 ft 10 in)


• 
  Wing area: 59.10 m² (636.1 sq ft)


• 
  Airfoil: NACA 65₃-218


• 
  Aspect ratio: 11.27:1


• 
  Empty weight: 9,800 kg (21,605 lb)


• 
  Max. takeoff weight: 16,100 kg (35,420 lb)


• 
  Powerplant: 2 × General Electric CT7-9C3 turboprops, 1,305 kW (1,750 hp) (take-off) each

Performance

• 
  Cruise speed: 450 km/h (248 knots, 286 mph) at 4,575 m (15,000 ft)


• 
  Stall speed: 156 km/h (84 knots, 97 mph) (flaps down)


• 
  Range: 4,355 km (2,350 nmi, 2,706 mi)


• 
  Service ceiling: 7,620 m (25,000 ft)


• 
  Rate of climb: 7.8 m/s (1,780 ft/min)

See also

Related development

• EADS HC-144 Ocean Sentry


• EADS CASA C-295

References

1. 
   ^ Liputan6.com. "Pesawat CN-235 Buatan Indonesia Pesanan Senegal Tiba di Dakar". 
   


2. 
   ^ Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country – Worldwide, Airbus Defence & Space (30 November 2017)
   


3. 
   ^ Indonesia-Air Force, Andrew Hunt, Airliners.net (Demand Media, Inc.)
   


4. 
   ^ "CN-235". Deagel.com. Retrieved 13 June 2016. 
   


5. 
   ^ ^{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv} "Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country – Worldwide" (PDF). Airbus Space and Defence. Airbus Space and Defence. 31 August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015. 
   


6. 
   ^ "Venezuela Buys Military Equipment". 28 November 2005. Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
   


7. 
   ^ Flight International, 3–9 October 2006
   


8. 
   ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2008-07-17. 
   


9. 
   ^ "Francia compra a EADS ocho aviones CN-135-300 por 250 millones de euros". Libertad Digital. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2011-10-02. 
   


10. 
    ^ "RI seeks to exchange planes with South Korea". The Jakarta Post. 2011-05-20. Archived from the original on 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2011-10-02. 
    


11. 
    ^ Senegal: MoD plans to acquire two additional CN235s, including MPA versions Archived 2014-03-27 at the Wayback Machine. – Dmilt.com, 30 August 2013
    


12. 
    ^ "RI Gencar Bikin Pesawat, Setelah N219 Ada N245 dan N270". finance.detik.com. 
    


13. 
    ^ "Mengenang CN-235 Phoenix Project-Australia". June 12, 2013. 
    


14. 
    ^ "CN-235 Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft – Airforce Technology". Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


15. 
    ^ "USCG: Acquisition Programs & Projects". US Coast Guard. Retrieved January 26, 2012. 
    


16. 
    ^ "USCG: HC-144A "Ocean Sentry" Maritime Patrol Aircraft". US Coast Guard Acquisitions Directorate. 2010-12-20. Retrieved January 26, 2012. 
    


17. 
    ^ "AC-235c Fact Sheet" (PDF). orbitalatk.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015. 
    


18. 
    ^ "Jordan takes delivery of AC235 gunship". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015. 
    


19. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 46.
    


20. 
    ^ ^ab Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 47.
    


21. 
    ^ Hoyle, Craig (6 June 2012). "Cameroon signs deal for CN235 transport". Flightglobal. Retrieved 9 June 2012. 
    


22. 
    ^ "Military Aircraft Airbus DS – Press Center". Airbus Military. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


23. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 48.
    


24. 
    ^ ^ab Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 49.
    


25. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 50.
    


26. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 52.
    


27. 
    ^ "CASA CN235". Defence Forces Ireland. 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-25. 
    


28. 
    ^ "RMAF CN235 Ditched, Crew Survived - Malaysian Defence". www.malaysiandefence.com. 
    


29. 
    ^ ^ab Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 55.
    


30. 
    ^ "Defence Security Report". Janes.com. 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2011-10-02. 
    


31. 
    ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-19. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
    


32. 
    ^ "Nepalese Army buying Military Transport aircraft from Indonesia, can "even" carry "a small vehicle" - southasia.com.au". 20 June 2017. 
    


33. 
    ^ Rahmat, Ridzwan (7 February 2018). "Singapore Airshow 2018: Nepal begins negotiations for second CN-235 with PT Dirgantara". IHS Jane's 360. Singapore. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. 
    


34. 
    ^ John Pike. "Pakistan Air Force Equipment". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2011-10-02. 
    


35. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 57.
    


36. 
    ^ ^abc Jackson 2003, p. 207.
    


37. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 59.
    


38. 
    ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
    


39. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 60.
    


40. 
    ^ "Turkish Army Current Order of Battle". Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


41. 
    ^ ^ab Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 61.
    


42. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 63.
    


43. 
    ^ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 64.
    


44. 
    ^ Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


45. 
    ^ "bmpd". Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


46. 
    ^ Mexican Police Aviation Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine.
    


47. 
    ^ Harro Ranter (18 October 1992). "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN/CASA CN-235-10 PK-MNN Garut". Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


48. 
    ^ "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 097 Kayseri". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 August 2014. 
    


49. 
    ^ ^abc "Military cargo plane crashes, four die". Hürriyet Daily News. 2001-05-19. Retrieved 12 August 2014. 
    


50. 
    ^ "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 086 Malatya". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 August 2014. 
    


51. 
    ^ "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235MP-100M TCSG-552 Ankara-Etimesgut AFB". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 August 2014. 
    


52. 
    ^ "Aircraft accidents photos – Binter Mediterraneo – Malaga, Spain – CASA 235-200". 1001 Crash. 2001-08-29. Retrieved 2011-10-02. 
    


53. 
    ^ Harro Ranter (29 August 2001). "ASN Aircraft accident CASA CN-235-200 EC-FBC Málaga Airport (AGP)". Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


54. 
    ^ "Guinea military head killed in Liberia plane crash". BBC News. Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


55. 
    ^ "Airbus CN235 military transport crashes in Colombia, killing 11". Flightglobal. Retrieved 1 August 2015. 
    


56. 
    ^ Cheng, Nicholas; Mutiah, Wani. "RMAF plane crashes in Kuala Selangor, rescuer believed drowned – Nation – The Star Online". 
    


57. 
    ^ "The SAAF Forum". Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    


58. 
    ^ "Military Aircraft Airbus DS – CN235". Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015. 
    

• Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 182 No. 5370. 11–17 December 2012. pp. 40–64.


• Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsden, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.


• Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsden, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to CASA CN 235.

• Airbus Military CN235


• 
  CN235^{[permanent dead link]}


• CN-235 Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft, Spain


• 
  "Spanish-Indonesian cooperation in the development, production, certification and marketing of CN-235 commuter aircraft" (PDF). ICAS and AIAA. 2012. 
  

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