Kunduz Province

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Province in Afghanistan

Kunduz کندز
Province
An aerial view from the window of a Blackhawk helicopter between Balkh Province and Kunduz Province
Map of Afghanistan with Kunduz highlighted
Coordinates (Capital): 36°48′N 68°48′E / 36.8°N 68.8°E / 36.8; 68.8Coordinates: 36°48′N 68°48′E / 36.8°N 68.8°E / 36.8; 68.8
Country	Afghanistan
Capital	Kunduz
Government
• Governor	Asadullah Omarkhail[1]
Area
• Total	8,040 km2 (3,100 sq mi)
Population (2012)[2]
• Total	953,800
• Density	120/km2 (310/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+4:30
ISO 3166 code	AF-KDZ
Main languages	Dari Pashto Uzbek Turkmen

Kunduz (Pashto/Persian: کندز‎) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northern part of the country next to Tajikistan. The population of the province is around 953,800,^[2] which is multi-ethnic and mostly a tribal society.^[3] The city of Kunduz serves as the capital of the province. The Kunduz Airport is located next to the provincial capital.

The Kunduz River valley dominates the Kunduz Province. The river flows irregularly from south to north into the Amu Darya river which forms the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan. A newly constructed bridge crosses the Amu Darya at Sherkhan Bandar. The river, its tributaries, and derivative canals provide irrigation to the irrigated fields that dominate land usage in the agricultural province. There are also rain-fed fields and open range land that span several miles.

Contents

• 
  1 History
  


• 
  2 Politics and governance
  


• 
  3 Transportation
  


• 
  4 Economy
  


• 
  5 Healthcare
  


• 
  6 Education
  


• 
  7 Demographics
  


• 
  8 Districts
  


• 
  9 Sport
  


• 
  10 References
  


• 
  11 External links
  

History

Further information: History of Afghanistan

Part of a series on the
History of Afghanistan
Timeline
Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation 2200–1800 BC Oxus civilization 2100–1800 BC Aryans 1700–700 BC Median Empire 728–550 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Seleucid Empire 330–150 BC Maurya Empire 305–180 BC Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 256–125 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Indo-Greek Kingdom 180–130 BC Indo-Scythian Kingdom 155–80? BC Kushan Empire 135 BC – 248 AD Indo-Parthian Kingdom 20 BC – 50? AD Sasanian Empire 230–651 Kidarite Kingdom 320–465 Alchon Huns 380–560 Hephthalite Empire 410–557 Nezak Huns 484–711
Medieval Kabul Shahi 565–879 Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries Rashidun Caliphate 652–661 Umayyads 661–750 Abbasids 750–821 Tahirids 821–873 Saffarids 863–900 Samanids 875–999 Ghaznavids 963–1187 Ghurids before 879–1215 Seljuks 1037–1194 Khwarezmids 1215–1231 Qarlughids 1224–1266 Ilkhanate 1258–1353 Chagatai Khanate 1225–1370 Khaljis 1290–1320 Karts 1245–1381 Timurids 1370–1507 Arghuns 1520–1591
Modern Mughals 1501–1738 Safavids 1510–1709 Hotak dynasty 1709–1738 Afsharid dynasty 1738–1747 Durrani Empire 1747–1826 Emirate of Afghanistan 1826–1919 Kingdom of Afghanistan 1919–1973 Republic of Afghanistan 1973–1978 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1978–1992 Islamic State of Afghanistan 1992–2001 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1996–2004 Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan since 2004
Associated Historical Regions
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The area has been part of many empires in the past. It became part of the Afghan Durrani Empire in the mid-18th century. It saw a major migration from Russian Turkestan in the north during the early 1920s. During the governance of Sher Khan Nasher, Kunduz became one of the wealthiest of Afghanistan's provinces, mainly due to Nasher's founding of the Spinzar Cotton Company, which continues to exist in post-war Afghanistan in the early 20th century.

Between one hundred and two-hundred thousand Tajiks and Uzbeks fled the conquest of their homeland by Russian Red Army and settled in northern Afghanistan.^[4]

During the war in Afghanistan Kunduz was captured by NATO forces. In November 2001, members of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, along with Pakistani military personnel and Afghan sympathizers were airlifted to Pakistan to evade NATO capture in the Kunduz Airlift.

Sherkhan Bandar, located in the Imam Sahib District of Kunduz province, is the border crossing between Afghanistan and neighboring Tajikistan.

In 2008, more details emerged in Descent into Chaos by Ahmed Rashid:

One senior (U.S.) intelligence analyst told me, "The request was made by Musharraf to Bush, but Cheney took charge—a token of who was handling Musharraf at the time. The approval was not shared with anyone at State, including Colin Powell, until well after the event. Musharraf said Pakistan needed to save its dignity and its valued people. Two planes were involved, which made several sorties a night over several nights. They took off from air bases in Chitral and Gilgit in Pakistan's northern areas and landed in Kunduz, where the evacuees were waiting on the tarmac. Certainly, hundreds and perhaps as many as one thousand people escaped. Hundreds of ISI officers, Taliban commanders, and foot soldiers belonging to the IMU and al Qaeda personnel boarded the planes. What was sold as a minor extraction turned into a major air bridge. The frustrated US SOF who watched it from the surrounding high ground dubbed it "Operation Evil Airlift."

Another senior U.S. diplomat told me afterwards, "Musharraf fooled us because after we gave approval, the ISI may have run a much bigger operation and got out more people. We just don't know. At the time nobody wanted to hurt Musharraf, and his prestige with the army was at stake. The real question is why Musharraf did not get his men out before. Clearly, the ISI was running its own war against the Americans and did not want to leave Afghanistan until the last moment."

Germany has 4000 soldiers stationed in the NATO-ISAF Kunduz province Provincial Reconstruction Team, along with Regional Command North. The province was largely peaceful until Taliban militants started infiltrating the area in 2009.^[5]

On 4 September 2009, the German commander called in an American jet fighter, which attacked two NATO fuel trucks, which had been captured by insurgents. More than 90 people died, among them at least 40 civilians, who had gathered to collect fuel.^[6][7]

Main articles: 2009 Kunduz airstrike and Kunduz Province Campaign

It was reported that on 21 November 2009 a bomb going off along the Takhar Kunduz highway killed a child and injured two others.^[8]

The governor, Mohammad Omar, was killed by a bomb on 8 October 2010.

On 10 February 2011, a suicide bomber killed a district governor and six other people in the district of Chardara in Kunduz Province, where the insurgency is well entrenched.^[9]

Politics and governance

Further information: List of governors of Kunduz

The current governor of Kunduz province is Asadullah Omarkhel.^[10] The city of Kunduz is the capital of the province. All law enforcement activities throughout the province are controlled by the Afghan National Police (ANP). The Kunduz border with neighboring Tajikistan is monitored and protected by the Afghan Border Police (ABP), which is part of the ANP. A provincial police chief is assigned to lead both the ANP and ABP. The police chief represents the Ministry of the Interior in Kabul. The ANP is backed by other Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), including the NATO-led forces.

According to the News reports, on 28 September 2015, Afghan Taliban has captured the Kunduz province.

Transportation

The province is served by Kunduz Airport which had regularly scheduled direct flights to Kabul as of May 2014. The Tajikistan–Afghanistan bridge at Panji Poyon connects the province to Tajikistan.

Economy

Agriculture and livestock husbandry are the primary occupations of the provinces residents. Fruit and vegetable are the most commonly farms items but there is also some cotton and sesame production.^[11] Farmers faced water shortages.^[12]

Men and women in Kunduz were employed in clothing production, metal working, carpentry and hide business.^[12]

The port of Sherkhan Bandar provides an international outlet for Kunduz's goods and has allowed for importing commercial goods from Asia, Middle East, and the Persian Gulf.^[12]

Healthcare

The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 25% in 2005 to 16% in 2011.^[13]
The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 6% in 2005 to 22% in 2011.^[13]

Education

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 33% in 2005 to 20% in 2011.^[13]
The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) fell from 62% in 2005 to 50% in 2011.^[13]

Demographics

Further information: Demography of Afghanistan

Ethnolinguistic groups of Afghanistan

Districts of Kunduz

Although a reliable census has not been carried out, the population of Kunduz province is estimated to be around 953,800.^[2] The province is multi ethnic and mostly rural. The ethnic groups that inhabit the province are as follows: Pashtun 30% Uzbek 27% Tajik 27% Turkmen 9.4% Hazara 3% Arab 4.6% plus small groups of Pashayi, Baloch and Nuristani.^[4][3]

About 94% of the population practice Sunni Islam and 6% are followers of Shia Islam.^[3] The major languages spoken in the area are Pashto, Dari Persian, and Uzbeki.

Districts

Districts of Kunduz Province

District	Capital	Population	Area[14]	Demographics[15]
Ali Abad		45,851		30% Tajik, 30% Uzbek 20% Pashtuns, 20% Hazara [16]
Archi		99,000		40% Pashtuns, 35% Uzbek, 15% Tajik, 10% Turkman
Chardara		69251		45% Pashtuns, 35% Tajik, 12% Uzbek, 8% Turkmen
Imam Sahib	Sherkhan Bandar	250,000		45% Uzbeks, 25% Pashtuns, 25% Tajiks, 5% Turkmens
Khan Abad		110,000		25% Pashtuns, 35% Tajik, 20% Hazara, 10% Uzbek, 5% Pashai
Kunduz	Kunduz	259,497		55% Tajik, 25% Pashtuns, 15% Uzbek, 3% Turkmen, 2% Hazara
Qalay-I-Zal		120,000		90% Turkmens, 10% Pashtuns

Sport

The province is represented in Afghan domestic cricket by the Kunduz Province cricket team. National player Mirwais Ashraf is from Kunduz and currently represents Afghanistan in international cricket.

References

1. 
   ^ [1]
   


2. 
   ^ ^abc "Settled Population of Kunduz province by Civil Division, Urban, Rural and Sex-2012-13" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Central Statistics Organization. Retrieved 2014-01-17. 
   


3. 
   ^ ^abc "Province: Kunduz" (PDF). Program for Culture & Conflict Studies. Naval Postgraduate School. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 2014-01-17. 
   


4. 
   ^ ^ab Wörmer, Nils (2012). "The Networks of Kunduz: A History of Conflict and Their Actors, from 1992 to 2001" (PDF). Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. Afghanistan Analysts Network. p. 8. Retrieved 7 September 2013. According to The Liaison Office the ethnic composition of Kunduz province is as follows: 34 per cent Pashtun, 27 per cent Uzbek, 20 per cent Tajik, 9.4 per cent Turkmen, 4.6 per cent Arab, 3.5 per cent Hazara, plus a few very small groups including Baluch, Pashai and Nuristani. 
   


5. 
   ^ Bilal Sarwary (8 July 2001). "Taliban infiltrate once-peaceful Afghan north". BBC. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
   


6. 
   ^ Scores dead in Nato raid on Kunduz. Al Jazeera English, September 2009
   


7. 
   ^ Nato air strike in Afghanistan kills scores – The Guardian, 4 September 2009
   


8. 
   ^ bombings kill 2 Afghan children, November 2009. Kabul, Xinhua news
   


9. 
   ^ King, Laura (2 October 2011). "Afghanistan suicide bomber kills district governor, 6 others". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 November 2011. 
   


10. 
    ^ http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/373281//
    


11. 
    ^ UN, 2003, http://afghanag.ucdavis.edu/country-info/Province-agriculture-profiles/unfr-reports/All-Kunduz.pdf
    


12. 
    ^ ^abc Kunduz growers face irrigation water shortage, other pressing problems, By: Hidayatullah Hamdard ,Date: 2013-09-17, http://www.elections.pajhwok.com/en/content/kunduz-growers-face-irrigation-water-shortage-other-pressing-problems
    


13. 
    ^ ^abcd Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, https://www.cimicweb.org/AfghanistanProvincialMap/Pages/Kunduz.aspx
    


14. 
    ^ Afghanistan Geographic & Thematic Layers
    


15. 
    ^ Ethnic data taken from UNHCR Kunduz District Profiles on aims.org.af
    


16. 
    ^ Aliabad District, Kunduz Province. Afghan Biographies.
    

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kunduz Province.

• Naval Postgraduate School - Kunduz Province

Places adjacent to Kunduz Province
Khatlon Province,  Tajikistan Balkh Province Kunduz Province Takhar Province Samangan Province Baghlan Province

v t e Provinces of Afghanistan
Badakhshan Badghis Baghlan Balkh Bamyan Daykundi Farah Faryab Ghazni Ghor Helmand Herat Jowzjan Kabul Kandahar Kapisa Khost Kunar Kunduz Laghman Logar Maidan Wardak Nangarhar Nimruz Nuristan Paktia Paktika Panjshir Parwan Samangan Sar-e Pol Takhar Urozgan Zabul

v t e Districts of Afghanistan by province

Badakhshan Arghanj Khwa Argo Baharak Darayim Maimay Nusay Fayzabad Ishkashim Jurm Khash Khwahan Kishim Kohistan Kuf Ab Kuran Wa Munjan Raghistan Shahri Buzurg Shighnan Shekay Shuhada Tagab Tishkan Wakhan Wurduj Yaftali Sufla Yamgan Yawan Zebak Badghis Ab Kamari Jawand Muqur Murghab Qadis Qala i Naw Baghlan Andarab Baghlan Baghlani Jadid Burka Dahana i Ghuri Dih Salah Dushi Farang Wa Gharu Guzargahi Nur Khinjan Khost Wa Fereng Khwaja Hijran Nahrin Puli Hisar Puli Khumri Tala Wa Barfak Balkh Balkh Charbolak Charkint Chimtal Dawlatabad Dihdadi Kaldar Kholm Kishindih Marmul Mazar-e Sharif Nahri Shahi Sholgara Shortepa Zari Bamyan Bamyan Kahmard Panjab Sayghan Shibar Waras Yakawlang Daykundi Ishtarlay Kajran Khadir Kiti Miramor Nili Sangtakht Shahristan Farah Anar Dara Bakwa Bala Buluk Farah Gulistan Khaki Safed Lash Wa Juwayn Pur Chaman Pusht Rod Qala i Kah Shib Koh Faryab Almar Andkhoy Bilchiragh Dawlat Abad Ghormach Gurziwan Khani Chahar Bagh Khwaja Sabz Posh Kohistan Maymana Pashtun Kot Qaramqol Qaysar Qurghan Shirin Tagab Ghazni Ab Band Ajristan Andar Dih Yak Gelan Ghazni Giro Jaghori Jaghatū Khogyani Khwaja Umari Malistan Muqur Nawa Nawur Qarabagh Rashidan Waghaz Zana Khan Ghor Chaghcharan Charsada Dawlat Yar Du Layna Lal Wa Sarjangal Pasaband Saghar Shahrak Taywara Tulak Helmand Baghran Dishu Garmsir Kajaki Khanashin Lashkargah Musa Qala Nad Ali Nahri Saraj Nawa-I-Barakzayi Nawzad Sangin Washir Herat Adraskan Chishti Sharif Farsi Ghoryan Gulran Guzara Herat Injil Karukh Kohsan Kushk Kushki Kuhna Obe Pashtun Zarghun Shindand Zinda Jan Jowzjan Aqcha Darzab Fayzabad Khamyab Khaniqa Khwaja Du Koh Mardyan Mingajik Qarqin Qush Tepa Shibirghan Kabul Bagrami Chahar Asyab Deh Sabz Farza Guldara Istalif Kabul Kalakan Khaki Jabbar Mir Bacha Kot Mussahi Paghman Qarabagh Shakardara Surobi Kandahar Arghandab Arghistan Daman Ghorak Kandahar Khakrez Maruf Maywand Miyanishin Nesh Panjwayi Reg Shah Wali Kot Shorabak Spin Boldak Zhari Kapisa Alasay Hesa Awal Kohistan Hesa Duwum Kohistan Koh Band Mahmud Raqi Nijrab Tagab Khost Bak Gurbuz Zazi Maidan Khost (Matun) Mandozayi Musakhel Nadir Shah Kot Qalandar Sabari Shamal Spera Tani Tirazayi Kunar Asadabad Bar Kunar Chapa Dara Chawkay Dangam Dara-I-Pech Ghaziabad Khas Kunar Marawara Narang Aw Badil Nari Nurgal Shaigal Aw Shiltan Sirkanay Wata Pur Kunduz Ali Abad Archi Chardara Imam Sahib Khan Abad Kunduz Qalay-I-Zal Laghman Alingar Alishing Dawlat Shah Mihtarlam Qarghayi Logar Azra Baraki Barak Charkh Kharwar Khoshi Mohammad Agha Puli Alam Nangarhar Achin Bati Kot Bihsud Chaparhar Darai Nur Dih Bala Dur Baba Goshta Hisarak Jalalabad Kama Khogyani Kot Kuz Kunar Lal Pur Momand Dara Nazyan Pachir Aw Agam Rodat Sherzad Shinwar Surkh Rod Nimruz Chahar Burjak Chakhansur Delaram Kang Khash Rod Zaranj Nuristan Bargi Matal Du Ab Kamdesh Mandol Nurgaram Paroon Wama Waygal Paktia Ahmadabad Tsamkani Dand Aw Patan Gardez Zazi Janikhel Lazha Ahmadkhel Sayid Karam Shwak Wuza Zadran Zurmat Paktika Barmal Dila Gayan Gomal Janikhel Mata Khan Nika Omna Sar Hawza Surobi Sharana Terwa Urgun Wazakhwa Wor Mamay Yahyakhel Yusufkhel Zarghun Shar Ziruk Panjshir Anaba Bazarak Darah Khenj Paryan Rokha Shotul Parwan Bagram Chaharikar Ghorband Jabul Saraj Kohi Safi Salang Sayed Khel Shekh Ali Shinwari Surkhi Parsa Samangan Aybak Darah Sof Feroz Nakhchir Hazarati Sultan Khuram Wa Sarbagh Ruyi Du Ab Sar-e Pol Balkhab Gosfandi Kohistanat Sancharak Sari Pul Sayyad Sozma Qala Takhar Baharak Bangi Chah Ab Chal Darqad Dashti Qala Farkhar Hazar Sumuch Ishkamish Kalafgan Khwaja Baha Wuddin Khwaja Ghar Namak Ab Rustaq Taluqan Warsaj Yangi Qala Urozgan Chora Deh Rawud Gizab Khas Urozgan Shahidi Hassas Tarinkot Wardak Chaki Wardak Day Mirdad Hisa-I-Awali Bihsud Jaghatu Jalrez Markazi Bihsud Maidan Shar Nirkh Saydabad Zabul Argahandab Atghar Dey Chopan Kakar Mizan Naw Bahar Qalat Shahjoy Shamulzayi Shinkay Tarnak Aw Jaldak

Authority control	WorldCat Identities GND: 4799012-0 LCCN: n86066488 VIAF: 159529098