Frederick County, Virginia

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Frederick County, Virginia
County
The Old Frederick County Courthouse in Winchester
Seal
Location in the U.S. state of Virginia
Virginia's location in the U.S.
Founded	1743
Named for	Frederick, Prince of Wales
Seat	Winchester
Largest town	Stephens City
Area
• Total	416 sq mi (1,077 km2)
• Land	414 sq mi (1,072 km2)
• Water	2 sq mi (5 km2), 0.5%
Population (est.)
• (2017)	86,484
• Density	209/sq mi (81/km2)
Congressional district	10th
Time zone	Eastern: UTC−5/−4
Website	www.fcva.us

Frederick County is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 78,305.^[1] Its county seat is Winchester.^[2] The county was formed in 1743 by the splitting of Orange County. It is Virginia's northernmost county.

Frederick County is included in the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Contents

• 
  1 History
  
  • 
    1.1 Colonial Era
    
  
  
  • 
    1.2 War of 1812
    
  
  
  • 
    1.3 American Civil War
    
  
  


• 
  2 Geography
  
  • 
    2.1 Adjacent counties
    
  
  
  • 
    2.2 National protected areas
    
  
  


• 
  3 Demographics
  


• 
  4 Government
  
  • 
    4.1 Board of Supervisors
    
  
  
  • 
    4.2 Constitutional Officers
    
  
  


• 
  5 Transportation
  
  • 
    5.1 Major Highways
    
  
  


• 
  6 Education
  
  • 
    6.1 Schools
    
    • 
      6.1.1 Elementary Schools
      
    
    
    • 
      6.1.2 Middle Schools
      
    
    
    • 
      6.1.3 High Schools
      
    
    
  
  
  • 
    6.2 Colleges
    
  
  
  • 
    6.3 Universities
    
  
  
  • 
    6.4 Libraries
    
  
  


• 
  7 Communities
  
  • 
    7.1 Towns
    
  
  
  • 
    7.2 Census-designated places
    
  
  
  • 
    7.3 Other unincorporated communities
    
  
  


• 
  8 See also
  


• 
  9 References
  


• 
  10 External links
  

History

The area that would become Frederick County, Virginia was inhabited and transited by various indigenous peoples for thousands of years before European colonization. The "Indian Road" refers to a historic pathway made by local tribes.

Frederick County was established in 1743 from parts of Orange County. (At that time, "Old Frederick County" encompassed all or part of four counties in present-day Virginia — Shenandoah, Clarke, Warren, and Frederick — and five in present-day West Virginia — Hardy, Hampshire, Berkeley, Jefferson and Morgan.) The Virginia Assembly named the new county for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales^[3] (1707–1751), the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain.

Colonial Era

As Commander-in-Chief of the new Colonial Virginia regiment in 1754, Colonel George Washington's headquarters were located in Winchester before and during the French and Indian War. He resigned from military service in 1758; only to be appointed General by the Continental Congress sixteen years later. Meanwhile, Washington represented Frederick County in his first elective office, having been elected to the House of Burgesses in 1758 and 1761. Daniel Morgan was another famous General during the American Revolutionary War, from (present day Clarke County).

War of 1812

American Civil War

Four (alkaline, saline, chalybeate, and sulphured) types of mineral water springs naturally occur on the land that would later be named Rock Enon Springs.^[4]:868 The area was once called Capper Springs, named for area settler John Capper.^[5]:57 William Marker bought the 942 acres (381 ha) in 1856 and built a hotel, the first building of the Rock Enon Springs Resort, that survived the American Civil War.^[6] On March 24, 1899 the Shenandoah Valley National Bank purchased the property for $3,500.^[7]:9 During the summer of 1914 botanists found polypodium vulgare, phegopteris hexagonoptera, adiantum pedatum, pteris aquilina, and cheilanthes lanosa on the property.^[8] The idea that soaking in the spring water had medical value was likely a large part of the tourism.^[9] In 1944, when that healing idea was likely no longer generally accepted as true, the Glaize family sold the property to the Shenandoah Area Council who turned what was once a resort into Camp Rock Enon.^[6] In 1944 the 5 acres (0.020 km²) Miller Lake was created by adding a 200 feet (61 m) earth dam across Laruel Run using equipment owned by the Federal Fish Hatchery in Leestown.^[10]:M4 In 1958 "walnut, chestnut and persimmon trees" were planted on the property.^[11]:50

Winchester changed hands between the Confederate and Union Armies on average once every three weeks during the war. Many battles were fought in Frederick County. Some of those battles include:

• 
  First Battle of Kernstown, March 1862


• 
  First Battle of Winchester, May 1862


• 
  Second Battle of Winchester, June 1863


• 
  Second Battle of Kernstown, July 1864


• 
  Third Battle of Winchester (Battle of Opequon), September 1864


• 
  Battle of Cedar Creek, October 1864

The first constitution of West Virginia provided for Frederick County to be added to the new state if approved by a local election.^[12] Unlike those of neighboring Berkeley and Jefferson counties, Frederick County residents voted to remain in Virginia despite being occupied by the Union Army at the time.

Geography

Winchester

Hardy

Morgan

Berkeley

Hampshire

Shenandoah

Clarke

Frederick

Warren

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 416 square miles (1,080 km²), of which 414 square miles (1,070 km²) is land and 2 square miles (5.2 km²) (0.5%) is water.^[13] This is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Adjacent counties

Clarke County, Virginia – east Warren County, Virginia – south Shenandoah County, Virginia – southwest Hardy County, West Virginia – southwest

Hampshire County, West Virginia – west Morgan County, West Virginia – north Berkeley County, West Virginia – northeast Winchester, Virginia – surrounded by Frederick County

National protected areas

• 
  Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park (part)


• 
  George Washington National Forest (part)

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	19,681		—
1800	24,744		25.7%
1810	22,574		−8.8%
1820	24,706		9.4%
1830	26,046		5.4%
1840	14,242		−45.3%
1850	15,975		12.2%
1860	16,546		3.6%
1870	16,596		0.3%
1880	17,553		5.8%
1890	17,880		1.9%
1900	13,239		−26.0%
1910	12,787		−3.4%
1920	12,461		−2.5%
1930	13,167		5.7%
1940	14,008		6.4%
1950	17,537		25.2%
1960	21,941		25.1%
1970	28,893		31.7%
1980	34,150		18.2%
1990	45,723		33.9%
2000	59,209		29.5%
2010	78,305		32.3%
Est. 2017	86,484	[14]	10.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[15] 1790–1960[16] 1900–1990[17] 1990–2000[18] The drop from 1830 to 1840 was because Clarke and Warren counties were split off.

As of the census^[19] of 2000, there were 59,209 people, 22,097 households, and 16,727 families residing in the county. The population density was 143 people per square mile (55/km²). There were 23,319 housing units at an average density of 56/square mile (22/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.99% White, 2.62% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. 1.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 22,097 households out of which 36.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.50% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.30% were non-families. 19.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county, the population was spread out with 26.40% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $46,941, and the median income for a family was $52,281. Males had a median income of $35,705 versus $25,046 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,080. About 4.00% of families and 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.30% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential Elections Results^[20]

Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2016	64.5% 26,083	29.5% 11,932	6.0% 2,425
2012	62.8% 22,858	34.9% 12,690	2.3% 846
2008	60.0% 20,149	38.6% 12,961	1.5% 502
2004	67.9% 19,386	31.0% 8,853	1.1% 301
2000	65.1% 14,574	32.0% 7,158	3.0% 660
1996	57.6% 10,608	32.5% 5,976	9.9% 1,828
1992	54.0% 9,425	28.3% 4,942	17.8% 3,101
1988	72.3% 9,921	27.0% 3,707	0.7% 89
1984	77.8% 9,542	21.8% 2,671	0.4% 54
1980	67.6% 7,293	27.3% 2,948	5.1% 546
1976	59.5% 5,162	39.1% 3,389	1.4% 121
1972	75.2% 5,367	22.5% 1,604	2.4% 168
1968	49.6% 3,696	21.6% 1,612	28.8% 2,146
1964	47.2% 2,585	52.6% 2,880	0.2% 9
1960	53.7% 2,061	45.8% 1,757	0.4% 17
1956	56.0% 1,882	41.8% 1,405	2.2% 73
1952	57.5% 1,803	42.3% 1,326	0.2% 5
1948	38.3% 921	51.8% 1,244	9.9% 239
1944	43.5% 938	56.3% 1,213	0.2% 5
1940	32.1% 773	67.8% 1,631	0.1% 2
1936	32.3% 665	67.4% 1,386	0.3% 7
1932	22.6% 456	76.2% 1,536	1.2% 24
1928	46.9% 1,006	53.1% 1,140
1924	26.5% 484	71.9% 1,314	1.6% 29
1920	39.1% 875	59.8% 1,337	1.1% 24
1916	23.2% 366	75.5% 1,194	1.3% 21
1912	14.7% 181	74.7% 922	10.7% 132

Board of Supervisors

• Chairman: Charles S. DeHaven, Jr. (R)


• Back Creek District: Gary A. Lofton (R)


• Gainesboro District: Bill Ewing (R)


• Opequon District: Robert Wells (R)


• Red Bud District: Blaine P. Dunn (R)


• Shawnee District: Gene E. Fisher (R)


• Stonewall District: Judith McCann-Slaughter. (R)

Constitutional Officers

• Clerk of the Circuit Court: Rebecca P. "Becky" Hogan (D)


• Commissioner of the Revenue: Ellen E. Murphy (R)


• Commonwealth's Attorney: Ross Spicer (R)


• Sheriff: R.T. "Bob" Williamson (R)


• Treasurer: C. William Orndoff, Jr. (R)

Frederick is represented by Republican Jill Holtzman Vogel in the Virginia Senate, Wendy Gooditis (D), Chris Collins (R), and Dave LaRock (R) and in the Virginia House of Delegates, and Republican Barbara Comstock in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Transportation

• Winchester Transit^[21] provides weekday transit for the city of Winchester.

Major Highways

• 
  I-81
  


• 
  I-66
  


• 
  US 11
  


• 
  US 17
  


• 
  US 48
  


• 
  US 50
  


• 
  US 340
  


• 
  US 522
  


• 
  SR 7
  


• 
  SR 37
  


• 
  SR 55
  


• 
  SR 127
  


• 
  SR 259
  


• 
  SR 277
  

Education

Frederick County is served by Frederick County Public Schools, which includes several elementary, middle, and high schools. Frederick County is also part of the region served by the Mountain Vista Governor's School that offers upper level classes to intellectually gifted high school students.

Schools

Elementary Schools

Apple Pie Ridge Elementary School Armel Elementary School Bass-Hoover Elementary School Evendale Elementary School Gainesboro Elementary School Greenwood Mill Elementary School Indian Hollow Elementary School Middletown Elementary School Orchard View Elementary School Redbud Run Elementary School Stonewall Elementary School

Middle Schools

• Admiral Richard E. Byrd Middle School


• Frederick County Middle School


• James Wood Middle School


• Robert E. Aylor Middle School

High Schools

• James Wood High School


• Millbrook High School


• Sherando High School

Colleges

• Lord Fairfax Community College

Universities

• Shenandoah University

Libraries

• Handley Regional Library

Communities

Map of Frederick County, Virginia with Municipal and Magisterial District Labels

Despite being the county seat, Winchester, like all cities under Virginia law, is an independent city—politically independent of any county.

Towns

• Middletown


• Stephens City

Census-designated places

• Lake Holiday


• Shawneeland

Other unincorporated communities

• Albin


• Armel


• Bartonsville


• Brucetown


• Burnt Factory


• Canterburg


• Cedar Grove


• Cedar Hill


• Clear Brook


• Cross Junction


• De Haven


• Gainesboro


• Good


• Gore


• Gravel Springs


• Greenwood


• Green Spring


• Grimes


• Hayfield


• Indian Hollow


• Jordan Springs


• Kernstown


• Klines Mill


• Lake Frederick


• Leetown


• Lehew


• Marlboro


• McQuire


• Meadow Mills


• Mill Race Estates


• Mount Pleasant


• Mount Williams


• Mountain Falls


• Mountain Falls Park


• Nain


• Opequon


• Parkins Mills


• Rest


• Reynolds Store


• Ridings Mill


• Rock Enon Springs


• Round Hill


• Shockeysville


• Siler


• Star Tannery


• Stephenson


• Vaucluse


• Welltown


• Whitacre


• White Hall


• Wilde Acres

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Frederick County, Virginia


• 
  List of routes in Frederick County, Virginia
  

References

1. 
   ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2014. 
   


2. 
   ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
   


3. 
   ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 131. 
   


4. 
   ^ Engelhard, G.P. (1902). The Standard medical directory of North America. p. 924. 
   


5. 
   ^ Peale, Albert Charles (1886). Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 235. 
   


6. 
   ^ ^ab Bell Jr., Stewart. Rock Enon Springs Records #1303. Winchester, VA, USA: Handley Regional Library. Retrieved 27 February 2017. 
   


7. 
   ^ "Rock Enon Springs Sold: Property Purchased by Bank to Protect Deed of Trust". Washington Post. March 25, 1899. 
   


8. 
   ^ Tuttle, Mary Louise (1915). "Fern Trips in Virginia". American Fern. 5 (4): 108–113. doi:10.2307/1544094. JSTOR 1544094. 
   


9. 
   ^ Tourism:
   
   Bell Jr., Stewart. Rock Enon Springs Records #1303. Winchester, VA, USA: Handley Regional Library. Retrieved 27 February 2017. 
   
   
   "The Movements of Officials". Washington Post. July 24, 1888. ^:2
   
   "At Rock Enon Springs Several Washingtonians Enjoy Vacations in Quiet Virginia Resort" (Special). Washington Post. July 30, 1911. ^:E1
   
   


10. 
    ^ "Dam to Back Up Water For Scout Camp Lake". Washington Post. Feb 27, 1944. 
    


11. 
    ^ Annual Report, Volume 49. Northern Nut Growers Association. 1958. 
    


12. 
    ^ "West Virginia Constitution". www.wvculture.org. 
    


13. 
    ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
    


14. 
    ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 30, 2018. 
    


15. 
    ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2014. 
    


16. 
    ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 2, 2014. 
    


17. 
    ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2014. 
    


18. 
    ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2014. 
    


19. 
    ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2011-05-14. 
    


20. 
    ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. 
    


21. 
    ^ winDev (17 August 2012). "Public Transportation". www.winchesterva.gov. 
    

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frederick County, Virginia.

• Official Website for the County of Frederick


• Frederick County Public Schools


• Winchester-Frederick County Chamber of Commerce


• Winchester Frederick County Convention and Visitor Bureau


• Winchester Frederick County Circuit Court Clerks

Places adjacent to Frederick County, Virginia
Morgan County, West Virginia Berkeley County, West Virginia Hampshire County, West Virginia Frederick County, Virginia Clarke County Hardy County, West Virginia and Shenandoah County Warren County

v t e Municipalities and communities of Frederick County, Virginia, United States
County seat: Winchester
Towns	Middletown Stephens City
CDPs	Lake Holiday Shawneeland
Unincorporated communities	Albin Armel Bartonsville Brucetown Burnt Factory Canterburg Cedar Grove Cedar Hill Clear Brook Cross Junction De Haven Gainesboro Gore Gravel Springs Green Spring Grimes Hayfield Indian Hollow Jordan Springs Kernstown Klines Mill Leetown Marlboro McQuire Meadow Mills Mount Pleasant Mount Williams Mountain Falls Mountain Falls Park Nain Opequon Parkins Mills Rest Reynolds Store Ridings Mill Rock Enon Springs Round Hill Shockeysville Siler Star Tannery Stephenson Vaucluse Welltown Whitacre White Hall Wilde Acres

v t e  Commonwealth of Virginia
Richmond (capital)
Topics	Administrative divisions Climate Colleges and universities Colony Congressional districts Delegations Senators Representatives Environment Furniture Government History Historic Landmarks Law Homes Music People Rights Rivers Scouting Slogan Sports teams State Fair State parks Symbols Tourist attractions Transportation Tribes	Seal of Virginia
Culture	Crime Demographics Economy Education Newspapers Radio TV Politics
Regions	Allegheny Mountains Atlantic Coastal Plain Blue Ridge Chesapeake Bay Cumberland Mountains Delmarva Peninsula Eastern Shore Hampton Roads Middle Peninsula Northern Neck Northern Virginia Piedmont Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians Shenandoah Valley South Hampton Roads Southside Southwest Virginia Tennessee Valley Tidewater Tri-Cities Virginia Peninsula Western Virginia
Metro areas	Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford Bluefield Bristol Charlottesville Danville Harrisonburg Lynchburg Martinsville Richmond Roanoke Staunton-Waynesboro Norfolk-Virginia Beach Washington-Arlington-Alexandria Winchester
Counties	Accomack Albemarle Alleghany Amelia Amherst Appomattox Arlington Augusta Bath Bedford Bland Botetourt Brunswick Buchanan Buckingham Campbell Caroline Carroll Charles City Charlotte Chesterfield Clarke Craig Culpeper Cumberland Dickenson Dinwiddie Essex Fairfax Fauquier Floyd Fluvanna Franklin Frederick Giles Gloucester Goochland Grayson Greene Greensville Halifax Hanover Henrico Henry Highland Isle of Wight James City King and Queen King George King William Lancaster Lee Loudoun Louisa Lunenburg Madison Mathews Mecklenburg Middlesex Montgomery Nelson New Kent Northampton Northumberland Nottoway Orange Page Patrick Pittsylvania Powhatan Prince Edward Prince George Prince William Pulaski Rappahannock Richmond Roanoke Rockbridge Rockingham Russell Scott Shenandoah Smyth Southampton Spotsylvania Stafford Surry Sussex Tazewell Warren Washington Westmoreland Wise Wythe York
Independent cities	Alexandria Bristol Buena Vista Charlottesville Chesapeake Colonial Heights Covington Danville Emporia Fairfax Falls Church Franklin Fredericksburg Galax Hampton Harrisonburg Hopewell Lexington Lynchburg Manassas Manassas Park Martinsville Newport News Norfolk Norton Petersburg Poquoson Portsmouth Radford Richmond Roanoke Salem Staunton Suffolk Virginia Beach Waynesboro Williamsburg Winchester

v t e Frederick County, Virginia in the American Civil War
Battles	First Battle of Kernstown First Battle of Winchester Second Battle of Winchester Battle of Snicker's Ferry Battle of Rutherford's Farm Second Battle of Kernstown Battle of Berryville Third Battle of Winchester Battle of Cedar Creek (or Belle Grove)
Raids and expeditions	Great Train Raid of 1861 Romney Expedition
Units	33rd Virginia Infantry
People	Turner Ashby Frederick W. M. Holliday Stonewall Jackson Mary Greenhow Lee Cornelia Peake McDonald Hunter McGuire
Places and tourism	Belle Grove Plantation Fort Collier Museum of the Shenandoah Valley Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum Winchester National Cemetery Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park

Coordinates: 39°13′N 78°16′W / 39.21°N 78.26°W / 39.21; -78.26