List of ambassadors of the United States to France

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Ambassador of the United States to France Ambassadeur des États-Unis en France
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent Jamie McCourt since December 18, 2017
Residence	Hôtel de Pontalba
Nominator	The President of the United States
Inaugural holder	Benjamin Franklin as Envoy
Formation	1778
Website	U.S. Embassy – Paris

The United States Ambassador to France is the official representative of the President of the United States to the President of France. The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with France since the American Revolution. Relations were upgraded to the higher rank of Ambassador in 1893. The diplomatic relationship has continued through France's five republics, two empires, and three monarchies.

Contents

• 
  1 List of United States Chiefs of Mission in France
  
  • 
    1.1 Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1778–1792)
    
  
  
  • 
    1.2 Ministers to the First Republic (1792–1804)
    
  
  
  • 
    1.3 Ministers to the First Empire (1804–1814)
    
  
  
  • 
    1.4 Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1814–1830)
    
  
  
  • 
    1.5 Ministers to the Kingdom of France (1830–1848)
    
  
  
  • 
    1.6 Ministers to the Second Republic (1848–1852)
    
  
  
  • 
    1.7 Ministers to France
    
  
  
  • 
    1.8 Ambassadors to the Third Republic
    
  
  
  • 
    1.9 Ambassadors to the Fourth Republic
    
  
  
  • 
    1.10 Ambassadors to the Fifth Republic
    
  
  


• 
  2 See also
  


• 
  3 References
  


• 
  4 Further reading
  


• 
  5 External links
  

List of United States Chiefs of Mission in France

Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1778–1792)

Relations between the United States and the French Court of Versailles were established in 1778 with the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce. As a republic, the United States was not entitled to send an ambassador. Instead, relations were maintained at the lower diplomatic rank of Minister. The position was formally known as the Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles.

Name		Appointment	Presentation	Termination	Notes
	Benjamin Franklin	September 14, 1778	March 23, 1779	May 17, 1785
	Thomas Jefferson	March 10, 1785	May 17, 1785	September 26, 1789
	William Short	April 20, 1790	June 14, 1790	May 15, 1792
	Gouverneur Morris	January 12, 1792	June 3, 1792	April 9, 1794	Remained as Minister after the First Republic was proclaimed. Mission terminated when the French government requested his recall.

Ministers to the First Republic (1792–1804)

Name		Appointment	Presentation	Termination	Notes
	James Monroe	May 28, 1794	August 15, 1794	December 9, 1796
	Charles Cotesworth Pinckney	September 9, 1796	Not presented	February 5, 1797

Diplomatic relations were broken in 1796 due to French anger at U.S. neutrality in the War of the First Coalition. After the Directory refused to accept Charles Cotesworth Pinckney's credentials, a commission was appointed to negotiate with the French Republic. The members of the commission — Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry — were all accredited with the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.^[1] French officials demanded a bribe before they would commence negotiations, scuttling the mission in the XYZ Affair. Hostilities culminated in the outbreak of the Quasi-War between the U.S. and France. Diplomatic relations were restored with the Convention of 1800.

Name		Appointment	Presentation	Termination	Notes
	Robert R. Livingston	October 2, 1801	December 6, 1801	November 18, 1804	Remained as Minister after Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed emperor.

James Monroe was accredited Minister Plenipotentiary to the French Republic in 1803 to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.^[2] However, Robert Livingston remained chief of mission.

Ministers to the First Empire (1804–1814)

Name		Appointment	Presentation	Termination	Notes
	John Armstrong	June 30, 1804	November 18, 1804	September 14, 1810
	Joel Barlow	February 27, 1811	November 17, 1811	December 26, 1812	Died in Żarnowiec during the French retreat from Moscow.
	William H. Crawford	April 9, 1813	December 14, 1813 August 16, 1814	April 26, 1815 to April 30, 1815	Reaccredited to the Court of Versailles.

Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1814–1830)

The Congress of Vienna standardized the system of diplomatic ranks. The United States continued to send a Minister, who was officially credentialed as an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.

Name		Appointment	Presentation	Termination	Notes
	Albert Gallatin	February 28, 1815	July 16, 1816	May 16, 1823
	James Brown	December 9, 1823	April 13, 1824	June 28, 1829
	William Cabell Rives	April 18, 1829	October 25, 1829 January 14, 1831	September 27, 1832	Reaccredited to the Kingdom of France.

Ministers to the Kingdom of France (1830–1848)

Name		Appointment	Presentation	Termination	Notes
	Edward Livingston	May 29, 1833	September 30, 1833	April 29, 1835
	Lewis Cass	October 4, 1836	December 1, 1836	November 12, 1842
	William R. King	April 9, 1844	July 1, 1844	September 15, 1846
	Richard Rush	March 3, 1847	July 31, 1847 April 26, 1848	October 8, 1849	Reaccredited to the Second Republic.

Ministers to the Second Republic (1848–1852)

Name		Appointment	Presentation	Termination	Notes
	William Cabell Rives	July 20, 1849	November 8, 1849 January 10, 1853	May 12, 1853	Reaccredited to the Second Empire.

Ministers to France

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

• 
  John Y. Mason: 1853–1859


• 
  Charles J. Faulkner: 1860–1861


• 
  William L. Dayton: 1861–1864


• 
  John Bigelow: 1864–1866


• 
  John Adams Dix: 1866–1869


• 
  Elihu B. Washburne: 1869–1877


• 
  Edward F. Noyes: 1877–1881


• 
  Levi P. Morton: 1881–1885


• 
  Robert Milligan McLane: 1885–1889


• 
  Whitelaw Reid: 1889–1892


• 
  T. Jefferson Coolidge: 1893–1893

Ambassadors to the Third Republic

• 
  James Biddle Eustis: 1893–1897^[3]


• 
  Horace Porter: 1897–1905


• 
  Robert Sanderson McCormick: 1905–1907


• 
  Henry White: 1907–1909


• 
  Robert Bacon: 1909–1912


• 
  Myron T. Herrick: 1912–1914


• 
  William Graves Sharp: 1914–1919


• 
  Hugh Campbell Wallace: 1919–1921


• 
  Myron T. Herrick: 1921–1929


• 
  Walter E. Edge: 1929–1933


• 
  Jesse Isidor Straus: 1933–1936


• 
  William C. Bullitt: 1936–1940


• 
  William D. Leahy: 1941–1942
  
  • After Leahy left, S. Pinkney Tuck served as interim Chargé d'affaires until France severed diplomatic relations with the U.S. on November 8, 1942, the date of Operation Torch
    

Ambassadors to the Fourth Republic

• 
  Jefferson Caffery: December 30, 1944 – 1949
  
  • The Embassy in Paris had been opened to the public December 1, 1944, with Ambassador Caffery in charge pending presentation of his letter of credence.


• 
  David K. E. Bruce: 1949–1952


• 
  James C. Dunn: 1952–1953


• 
  C. Douglas Dillon: 1953–1957


• 
  Amory Houghton: 1957–1961


• 
  James M. Gavin: 1961–1962

Ambassadors to the Fifth Republic

R. Sargent Shriver

• 
  Charles E. Bohlen: 1962–1968


• 
  Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr.: 1968–1970


• 
  Arthur K. Watson: 1970–1972


• 
  John N. Irwin, II: 1973–1974


• 
  Kenneth Rush: 1974–1977


• 
  Arthur A. Hartman: 1977–1981


• 
  Evan Griffith Galbraith: 1981–1985


• 
  Joe M. Rodgers: 1985–1989


• 
  Walter Curley: 1989–1993


• 
  Pamela Harriman: 1993–1997


• 
  Felix Rohatyn: 1997–2000


• 
  Howard H. Leach: 2001–2005


• 
  Craig Roberts Stapleton: 2005–2009


• 
  Charles Rivkin: 2009–2013^[4][5]
  • Mark A. Taplin (Ad interim): 2013–2014^[6]


• 
  Jane D. Hartley: 2014–2017
  
  • Uzra Zeya (Chargé d'affaires): 2017
  
  
  • Brent Hardt (Chargé d'affaires): 2017
  
  


• 
  Jamie D. McCourt: 2017–present

See also

• 
  Government of the United States portal
  


• 
  Paris portal
  

• List of French ambassadors to the United States


• Embassy of the United States, Paris


• France – United States relations


• Foreign relations of France


• Ambassadors of the United States

References

1. 
   ^ Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth; Gerry, Elbridge; Marshall, John (1798). Authentic Copies of the Correspondence of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry, Esqrs. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary to the Republic of France: As Presented to Both Houses of Congress, April 3, 1798, by His Excellency John Adams. J. Derrett. p. 62. The undersigned Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the French Republic, had the honour of announcing to you officially, on the 6th of October, their arrival at Paris, and of presenting to you on the 8th, a copy of their letters of credence. 
   


2. 
   ^ "Image 906 of James Monroe Papers: Series 1, General Correspondence, 1758-1839; 1796 Mar. 22-1803 Oct. 8 (Reel 2)". The Library of Congress. 
   


3. 
   ^ "Ambassadors and Chiefs of Mission – FAQs – About Us – Office of the Historian". 
   


4. 
   ^ Knowlton, Brian (August 16, 2009). "New U.S. Envoy Takes Up Post". The New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2009. 
   


5. 
   ^ "Ambassador Charles Rivkin permanently departed post on Tuesday, November 19, 2013 following his nomination by President Obama to serve as Assistant Secretary of the State Department's Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs". Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014. 
   


6. 
   ^ "Our Charge D'Affairs Ad Interim". US Embassy to France. Retrieved May 2, 2014. 
   

 This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/index.htm (Background Notes).

Further reading

• Willson, Beckles. America's Ambassadors to France (1777-1927): A Narrative of Franco-American Diplomatic Relations (1928).

External links

• United States Embassy in Paris official site


• United States Department of State: France


• United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for France


• United States Department of State: Background notes on France


• 
  Interview with 1984 U.S. Ambassador to France from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
  

v t e Ambassadors of the United States
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v t e Benjamin Franklin
President_of_Pennsylvania_(1785–1788),_ Ambassador_to_France_(1779–1785) Second_Continental_Congress_(1775–1776)">January 6, 1706 – April 17, 1790 President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788), Ambassador to France (1779–1785) Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
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Writings	Silence Dogood letters (1722) A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain (1725) The Busy-Body letters (1729) Pennsylvania Gazette (1729–1790) Poor Richard's Almanack (1732–1758) The Drinker's Dictionary (1737) "Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745) "The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747) Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. (1751) Experiments and Observations on Electricity (1751) Birch letters (1755) The Way to Wealth (1758) Pennsylvania Chronicle (1767) Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One (1773) Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775) A Letter To A Royal Academy (1781) Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America (1784) The Morals of Chess (1786) An Address to the Public (1789) A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks (1789) The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1771–90, pub. 1791) Bagatelles and Satires (pub. 1845) Franklin as a journalist
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