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House of Representatives
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House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often called a "Senate". In some countries, the House of Representatives is the sole chamber of a unicameral legislature.
The functioning of a house of representatives can vary greatly from country to country, and depends on whether a country has a parliamentary or a presidential system. Members of a House of Representatives are typically apportioned according to population rather than geography.
Contents
1 National legislatures
2 Subnational legislatures
3 Defunct Houses of Representatives
4 See also
National legislatures
The Indonesian People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR) is generally known in English as the "House of Representatives", as is the Dewan Rakyat of the Parliament of Malaysia and the Dáil Éireann of the Irish Oireachtas parliament. In the 2012 draft for a new Constitution of Egypt, the People's Assembly is called "House of Representatives".
"The House of Representatives" currently is the name of a house of the legislature in the following countries:
| Antigua and Barbuda | House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda) |
| Australia | House of Representatives (Australia) |
| Belarus | House of Representatives of Belarus |
| Belize | House of Representatives (Belize) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | House of Representatives (Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
Burma (Myanmar) | House of Representatives (Burma) |
| Colombia | House of Representatives of Colombia |
| Egypt | House of Representatives (Egypt) |
| Ethiopia | House of Peoples' Representatives |
| Fiji | House of Representatives of Fiji (abolished in 2013) |
| Grenada | House of Representatives (Grenada) |
| Indonesia | People's Representative Council |
| Republic of Ireland | Dáil Éireann |
| Jamaica | House of Representatives |
| Japan | House of Representatives (Japan) |
| Liberia | House of Representatives (Liberia) |
| Malaysia | Dewan Rakyat |
| Nepal | House of Representatives (Nepal) |
| Netherlands | House of Representatives (Netherlands) |
| Nigeria | House of Representatives (Nigeria) |
| Philippines | House of Representatives of the Philippines |
| Puerto Rico | House of Representatives of Puerto Rico |
| Somaliland | House of Representatives (Somaliland) |
| Thailand | House of Representatives (Thailand) |
| Trinidad and Tobago | House of Representatives (Trinidad and Tobago) |
| United States | United States House of Representatives |
| Yemen | House of Representatives (Yemen) |
In the following countries it is the sole chamber in a unicameral system:
| Cyprus | House of Representatives (Cyprus) |
| Malta | House of Representatives |
| New Zealand | New Zealand House of Representatives |
| Sierra Leone | House of Representatives |
Subnational legislatures
House of Representatives is the title of most, but not all, of the lower houses of U.S. state legislatures, with the exceptions usually called "State Assembly", "General Assembly", or more rarely, "House of Delegates".
In Germany, the Landtag parliament of the city and state of Berlin (previously of West Berlin), the Abgeordnetenhaus is known in English as the House of Representatives.
In Tanzania, the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar has its own legislative body, the Zanzibar House of Representatives.
Defunct Houses of Representatives
From 1867 until 1918, in Cisleithania, the Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the lower house of the Imperial Council (Reichsrat) parliament, the Abgeordnetenhaus was generally known in English as "House of Representatives". Since 1855 the lower house in the Landtag assembly of Prussia was called Abgeordnetenhaus, as distinct from the upper House of Lords.
In 1934, the Nebraska voters approved a unicameral legislature dissolving the House of Representatives and granting its powers to the Senate.
The Kenyan House of Representatives was combined with the Senate in 1966, to form an enlarged single chamber parliament, known as the National Assembly. The Senate was re-established as an upper house following the 2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum.
The House of Representatives of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) was the lower chamber of the parliament established in 1947 according to the Soulbury Constitution. The 1972 First Republican Constitution of Sri Lanka replaced it with the unicameral National State Assembly.
Following the surrender of South Vietnam to North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces in 1975, a Provisional Revolutionary Government established itself in Saigon and disbanded the bicameral National Assembly consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Under apartheid, the House of Representatives was the house for South Africa's mixed race 'Coloured' community, in the Tricameral Parliament of 1984 to 1994.
In 1994 the House of Representatives legislature of The Gambia was dissolved in a coup d'état led by Yahya Jammeh. It was replaced by the National Assembly according to the 1997 Constitution of The Gambia.
See also
- List of legislatures by country
- Chamber of Deputies
- National Assembly
- House of Commons
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