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Capital district and departments of Colombia; Distrito Capital y los Departamentos de Colombia (Spanish)
	; ; ; ;
Category	; Unitary state;
Location	; Republic of Colombia;
Number	; 32 Departments; 1 Capital District
Populations	; (Departments only):33,152 (Vaupés) – 5,750,478 (Antioquia)
Areas	; (Departments only):50 km2 (19.3 sq mi) (San Andrés) – 109,665.0 km2 (42,341.89 sq mi) (Amazonas)
Government	; Department government, National government;
Subdivisions	; Municipality;

Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and a Capital District (Distrito Capital).^[1] Each department has a Governor (gobernador) and a Department Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods. Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a Municipal Council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected for four-year periods.

Chart of departments

Each one of the departments of Colombia in the map below links to a corresponding article. Current governors serving four-year terms from 2015 to 2019 are also shown, along with their respective political party or coalition.

ID	Department	Governor	Party	Capital	Area (km²)	Population	Established
00	Capital District	Enrique Peñalosa	CR	Bogotá	7003158700000000000♠1,587	7006825472200000000♠8,254,722	1538
01	Amazonas	Manuel Antonio Carebilla Cuéllar	CR	Leticia	7005109665000000000♠109,665	7004803600000000000♠80,360	1991
02	Antioquia	Luis Pérez	Liberal	Medellín	7004636120000000000♠63,612	7006575047800000000♠5,750,478	1826
03	Arauca	Ricardo Alvarado Bestene	La U	Arauca	7004238180000000000♠23,818	7005282302000000000♠282,302	1991
04	Atlántico	Eduardo I. Verano de la Rosa	Liberal	Barranquilla	7003338800000000000♠3,388	7006236566300000000♠2,365,663	1910
05	Bolívar	Dumek José Turbay Paz	Liberal	Cartagena	7004259780000000000♠25,978	7006222996700000000♠2,229,967	1857
06	Boyacá	Carlos Andrés Amaya Rodríguez	Green	Tunja	7004231890000000000♠23,189	7006141123900000000♠1,411,239	1539
07	Caldas	Guido Echeverri Piedrahíta	La U	Manizales	7003788800000000000♠7,888	7006117018700000000♠1,170,187	1905
08	Caquetá	Álvaro Pacheco Álvarez	Liberal	Florencia	7004889650000000000♠88,965	7005463333000000000♠463,333	1982
09	Casanare	Josue Alirio Barrera Rodríguez	CD	Yopal	7004446400000000000♠44,640	7005325713000000000♠325,713	1991
10	Cauca	Óscar Rodrigo Campo Hurtado	Liberal	Popayán	7004293080000000000♠29,308	7006136305400000000♠1,363,054	1857
11	Cesar	Francisco Fernando Ovalle Angarita	La U	Valledupar	7004229050000000000♠22,905	7006105030300000000♠1,050,303	1967
12	Chocó	Jhoany Carlos Alberto Palacios Mosquera	Liberal	Quibdó	7004465300000000000♠46,530	7005413173000000000♠413,173	1947
13	Córdoba	Edwin José Besaile Fayad	La U	Montería	7004250200000000000♠25,020	7006139290500000000♠1,392,905	1952
14	Cundinamarca	Jorge Emilio Rey Ángel	CR	Bogotá	7004242100000000000♠24,210	7006268004100000000♠2,680,041	1857
15	Guainía	Javier Eliecer Zapata Parrado	Liberal	Inirida	7004722380000000000♠72,238	7004433140000000000♠43,314	1963
16	Guaviare	Nebio De Jesús Echeverry Cadavid	AICO	San José del Guaviare	7004534600000000000♠53,460	7005133236000000000♠133,236	1991
17	Huila	Carlos Julio González Villa	CR	Neiva	7004198900000000000♠19,890	7005994218000000000♠994,218	1905
18	La Guajira	Oneida Rayeth Pinto Pérez	CR	Riohacha	7004208480000000000♠20,848	7005524619000000000♠524,619	1965
19	Magdalena	Rosa Cotes De Zuñiga	CR	Santa Marta	7004231880000000000♠23,188	7006140331800000000♠1,403,318	1824
20	Meta	Marcela Amaya	Liberal	Villavicencio	7004856350000000000♠85,635	7005771089000000000♠771,089	1960
21	Nariño	Camilo Romero	Green	Pasto	7004332680000000000♠33,268	7006177513900000000♠1,775,139	1904
22	Norte de Santander	William Villamizar Laguado	La U	Cúcuta	7004216580000000000♠21,658	7006149393200000000♠1,493,932	1910
23	Putumayo	Sorrel Parisa Aroca Rodríguez	Green	Mocoa	7004248850000000000♠24,885	7005378483000000000♠378,483	1991
24	Quindío	Carlos Eduardo Osorio Buritica	N/A	Armenia	7003184500000000000♠1,845	7005613375000000000♠613,375	1966
25	Risaralda	Sigifredo Salazar Osorio	Conservative	Pereira	7003414000000000000♠4,140	7006102436200000000♠1,024,362	1966
26	San Andrés y Providencia	Ronald Housni Jaller	Liberal	San Andrés	7001520000000000000♠52	7004834910000000000♠83,491	1991
27	Santander	Didier Alberto Tavera Amado	Liberal	Bucaramanga	7004305370000000000♠30,537	7006208508400000000♠2,085,084	1857
28	Sucre	Edgar Enrique Martínez Romero	CR	Sincelejo	7004109170000000000♠10,917	7005868648000000000♠868,648	1966
29	Tolima	Óscar Barreto Quiroga	Conservative	Ibagué	7004235620000000000♠23,562	7006131297200000000♠1,312,972	1886
30	Valle del Cauca	Dilian Francisca Toro Torres	La U	Cali	7004221400000000000♠22,140	7006452467800000000♠4,524,678	1910
31	Vaupés	Jesús María Vásquez Caicedo	CR	Mitú	7004541350000000000♠54,135	7004331520000000000♠33,152	1991
32	Vichada	Luis Carlos Álvarez Morales	La U	Puerto Carreño	7005100242000000000♠100,242	7004972760000000000♠97,276	1991

Estimate for Cundinamarca includes the country's capital, Bogotá.

Territorios indígenas

The indigenous territories are at the third level of administrative division in Colombia, as are the municipalities. Indigenous territories are created by agreement between the government and indigenous communities. In cases where indigenous territories covering more than one department or municipality, local governments jointly administer them with the indigenous councils, as set out in Articles 329 and 330 of the Colombian Constitution of 1991. Also indigenous territories may achieve local autonomy if they meet the requirements of the law.

Article 329 of the 1991 constitution recognizes the collective indigenous ownership of indigenous territories and repeats that are inalienable. Law 160 of 1994 created the National System of Agrarian Reform and Rural Development Campesino, and replaced Law 135 of 1961 on Agrarian Social Reform; it establishes and sets out the functions of INCORA, one of the most important being to declare which territories will acquire the status of indigenous protection and what extension of existing ones will be allowed. Decree 2164 of 1995 interprets Law 160 of 1994, providing, among other things, a legal definition of indigenous territories.^[2]

Indigenous territories in Colombia are mostly in the departments of Amazonas, Cauca, La Guajira, Guaviare and Vaupés.^[1]

History

República de la Gran Colombia

When it was first established in 1819, República de la Gran Colombia had three departments. Venezuela, Cundinamarca (now Colombia) and Quito (now Ecuador).^[3] In 1824 the Distrito del Centro (which became Colombia) was divided into five departments, and further divided into seventeen provinces. One department, Istmo Department, consisting of two provinces later became Panama.^[4]

República de la Nueva Granada

With the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1826 by the Revolution of the Morrocoyes (La Cosiata), New Granada kept its 17 provinces. In 1832 the provinces of Vélez and Barbacoas were created, and in 1835 those of Buenaventura and Pasto were added. In 1843 those of Cauca, Mompós and Túquerres were created. At this time the cantons (cantones) and parish districts were created, which provided the basis for the present-day municipalities.^[4]^[5]

By 1853 the number of provinces had increased to thirty-six, namely:Antioquia, Azuero, Barbacoas, Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Casanare, Cauca, Chiriquí, Chocó, Córdova, Cundinamarca, García Rovira, Mariquita, Medellín, Mompós, Neiva, Ocaña, Pamplona, Panamá, Pasto, Popayán, Riohacha, Sabanilla, Santa Marta, Santander, Socorro, Soto, Tequendama, Tunja, Tundama, Túquerres, Valle de Upar, Veraguas, Vélez and Zipaquirá.^[5] However, the new constitution of 1853 introduced federalism, which lead to the consolidation of provinces into states. By 1858 this process was complete, with a resulting eight federal states: Panamá was formed in 1855, Antioquia in 1856, Santander in May 1857, and Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Magdalena were formed in June 1858. 1861 saw the creation of the final federal state of Tolima.^[6]

República de Colombia

The Colombian Constitution of 1886 converted the states of Colombia into departments, with the state presidents renamed as governors. The states formed the following original departments:

Antioquia Department

Bolívar Department

Boyacá Department

Cauca Department

Cundinamarca Department

Magdalena Department

Panamá Department

Santander Department

Tolima Department

Maps gallery

Departments of Colombia with municipalities

Map with numbered departments

Departments of Colombia with names

Political map of Colombia

Topography of Colombia, highly variable per department

References

^ ^a^b "Division Política de Colombia" (in Spanish). Portal ColombiaYA.com. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009.

^ Decree 2164 of 1995 provides "Reserva Indígena. Es un globo de terreno baldío ocupado por una o varias comunidades indígenas que fué delimitado y legalmente asignado por el INCORA a aquellas para que ejerzan en él los derechos de uso y usufructo con exclusión de terceros. Las reservas indígenas constituyen tierras comunales de grupos étnicos, para los fines previstos en el artículo 63 de la Constitución Política y la ley 21 de 1991. […] Territorios Indígenas. Son las áreas poseidas en forma regular y permanente por una comunidad, parcialidad o grupo indígena y aquellas que, aunque no se encuentren poseidas en esa forma, constituyen el ámbito tradicional de sus actividades sociales, económicas y culturales. " Art. 21: "Los resguardos son una institución legal y sociopolítica de carácter especial, conformada por una o más comunidades indígenas, que con un título de propiedad colectiva que goza de las garantías de la propiedad privada, poseen su territorio y se rigen para el manejo de éste y su vida interna por una organización autónoma amparada por el fuero indígena y su sistema normativo propio."

^ Guhl Nannetti, Ernesto (1991). "Capítulo XII: División Política de la Gran Colombia". Las fronteras políticas y los límites naturales: escritos geograficos [Political Boundaries and Their Natural Limits: Geographic writings] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Fondo FEN. ISBN 978-958-9129-22-7.

^ ^a^b Aguilera Peña, Mario (January 2002). "División política administrativa de Colombia". Credential Historia (in Spanish). Bogotá: Banco de la República. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011.

^ ^a^b Oficina Nacional de Estadística (Office of National Statistics) (1876). "Estadística de Colombia" [Colombian Statistics] (PDF) (in Spanish). Bogotá: Oficina Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

^ Domínguez, Camilo; Chaparro, Jeffer; Gómez, Carla (2006). "Construcción y deconstrucción territorial del Caribe Colombiano durante el siglo XIX". Scripta Nova (Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales). 10 (218 (75)).

External links

(in French) List of Colombian departments governors

"Departments of Colombia". Statoids.

Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP

[Portal-Co-1] "Division Política de Colombia" (in Spanish). Portal ColombiaYA.com. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009.

[2] Decree 2164 of 1995 provides "Reserva Indígena. Es un globo de terreno baldío ocupado por una o varias comunidades indígenas que fué delimitado y legalmente asignado por el INCORA a aquellas para que ejerzan en él los derechos de uso y usufructo con exclusión de terceros. Las reservas indígenas constituyen tierras comunales de grupos étnicos, para los fines previstos en el artículo 63 de la Constitución Política y la ley 21 de 1991. […] Territorios Indígenas. Son las áreas poseidas en forma regular y permanente por una comunidad, parcialidad o grupo indígena y aquellas que, aunque no se encuentren poseidas en esa forma, constituyen el ámbito tradicional de sus actividades sociales, económicas y culturales. " Art. 21: "Los resguardos son una institución legal y sociopolítica de carácter especial, conformada por una o más comunidades indígenas, que con un título de propiedad colectiva que goza de las garantías de la propiedad privada, poseen su territorio y se rigen para el manejo de éste y su vida interna por una organización autónoma amparada por el fuero indígena y su sistema normativo propio."

[Guhl-3] Guhl Nannetti, Ernesto (1991). "Capítulo XII: División Política de la Gran Colombia". Las fronteras políticas y los límites naturales: escritos geograficos [Political Boundaries and Their Natural Limits: Geographic writings] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Fondo FEN. ISBN 978-958-9129-22-7.

[Aguilera-Pena-4] Aguilera Peña, Mario (January 2002). "División política administrativa de Colombia". Credential Historia (in Spanish). Bogotá: Banco de la República. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011.

[Estadística-5] Oficina Nacional de Estadística (Office of National Statistics) (1876). "Estadística de Colombia" [Colombian Statistics] (PDF) (in Spanish). Bogotá: Oficina Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[Domínguez-6] Domínguez, Camilo; Chaparro, Jeffer; Gómez, Carla (2006). "Construcción y deconstrucción territorial del Caribe Colombiano durante el siglo XIX". Scripta Nova (Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales). 10 (218 (75)).

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