Otto von Habsburg

Otto von Habsburg
Crown Prince of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia[1][2] Galicia and Lodomeria
Otto von Habsburg in 2004
Head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Tenure	1 April 1922 – 1 January 2007
Predecessor	Charles I & IV
Successor	Archduke Karl
Born	(1912-11-20)20 November 1912 Wartholz Castle, Reichenau an der Rax, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary
Died	4 July 2011(2011-07-04) (aged 98) Pöcking, Germany
Burial	16 July 2011 (body); 17 July 2011 (heart) Imperial Crypt (body); Pannonhalma Archabbey (heart)
Spouse	Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen (m. 1951; d. 2010)
Issue Detail	Archduchess Andrea, Hereditary Countess of Neipperg Archduchess Monika, Duchess of Santángelo Archduchess Michaela Archduchess Gabriela Archduchess Walburga Archduke Karl Archduke Georg
Full name Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xavier Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius von Habsburg[3]
House	Habsburg-Lorraine
Father	Charles I of Austria
Mother	Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature

Otto von Habsburg MEP
Member of the European Parliament for Germany
In office 1979–1999
Personal details
Nationality	Austria (since 1956)  Hungary  Germany (since 1978)  Croatia (since 1990)
Political party	Christian Social Union

Otto von Habsburg^[4] (20 November 1912 – 4 July 2011),^[5][6] also known by his traditional royal title of Archduke Otto of Austria, was the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in 1919, a realm which comprised modern-day Austria, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and parts of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. He became the pretender to the former thrones, Head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece^[7] in 1922, upon the death of his father. He resigned as Sovereign of the Golden Fleece in 2000 and as head of the Imperial House in 2007.

The eldest son of Charles I and IV, the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and his wife, Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Otto was born as third in line to the thrones, as Archduke Otto of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia.^[1][2] With his father's accession to the thrones in 1916, he was likely to become emperor and king. As his father never abdicated, Otto was considered by himself, his family and Austro-Hungarian legitimists to be the rightful emperor-king from 1922.^[8]

Otto was active on the Austrian and European political stage from the 1930s, both by promoting the cause of Habsburg restoration and as an early proponent of European integration—being thoroughly disgusted with nationalism—and a fierce opponent of Nazism and communism.^[5][9] He has been described as one of the leaders of the Austrian Resistance.^[10] After the 1938 Anschluss, where monarchists were severely persecuted in Austria and sentenced to death by the Nazis,^{[citation needed]} Otto fled Europe to the United States.

Otto von Habsburg was Vice President (1957–1973) and President (1973–2004) of the International Paneuropean Union, and served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) from 1979 to 1999. As a newly elected Member of the European Parliament in 1979, Otto had an empty chair set up for the countries on the other side of the Iron Curtain in the European Parliament, and took a strong interest in the countries behind the Iron Curtain. Otto von Habsburg played a notable role in the revolutions of 1989, as a co-initiator of the Pan-European Picnic. Later he was a strong supporter of the EU membership of central and eastern European countries.^[11] A noted intellectual, he published several books on historical and political affairs. Otto has been described as one of the "architects of the European idea and of European integration" together with Robert Schuman, Konrad Adenauer, and Alcide De Gasperi.^[12]

Otto was exiled in 1918 and grew up mostly in Spain. His devout Catholic mother raised him according to the old curriculum of Austria-Hungary, preparing him to become a Catholic monarch. During his life in exile, he lived in Switzerland, Madeira, Spain, Belgium, France, the United States, and from 1954 until his death, finally in Bavaria (Germany), in the residence Villa Austria. At the time of his death, he was a citizen of Germany, Austria, Hungary and Croatia, having earlier been stateless de jure and de facto, and possessed passports of Monaco, the Order of Malta, and Spain. In 1961, he was offered the crown of Spain by Francisco Franco. He refused, and Juan Carlos of the House of Bourbon was made Franco's successor instead.

His funeral took place at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna on 16 July 2011; he was entombed in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna and his heart buried in Pannonhalma Archabbey in Hungary.

Contents

• 
  1 Early life
  


• 
  2 Years in exile
  


• 
  3 World War II
  


• 
  4 After World War II
  


• 
  5 Political career
  


• 
  6 Death and funeral
  


• 
  7 Family
  


• 
  8 Titles and styles
  
  • 
    8.1 Titles in pretence from 1 April 1922
    
  
  
  • 
    8.2 Official in Austria
    
  
  
  • 
    8.3 Official in Croatia
    
  
  
  • 
    8.4 Official in Germany
    
  
  
  • 
    8.5 Honours
    
    • 
      8.5.1 National dynastic honours
      
    
    
    • 
      8.5.2 Foreign honours
      
    
    
  
  
  • 
    8.6 Awards
    
  
  
  • 
    8.7 Non-governmental awards
    
  
  
  • 
    8.8 Academic awards
    
  
  


• 
  9 Ancestry
  


• 
  10 Footnotes
  


• 
  11 Bibliography
  


• 
  12 External links
  

Early life

The young crown prince Otto with his parents posing for official photographs on the occasion of the coronation in Budapest, 1916

Otto was born at Villa Wartholz in Reichenau an der Rax, Austria-Hungary. He was baptised Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xavier Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius on 25 November 1912 at Villa Wartholz by the Prince-Archbishop of Vienna, Cardinal Franz Xaver Nagl. This name was named to promote as Franz Joseph II in the future. His godfather was the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (represented by Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria); his godmother was his grandmother Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal.^[13]

In November 1916, Otto became Crown Prince of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia^[1][2] when his father, Archduke Charles, acceded to the throne. However, in 1918, at the end of the First World War, the monarchies were abolished, the republics of Austria and Hungary were founded in their place, and the family was forced into exile in Madeira.^[14] Hungary did become a kingdom again, but Charles was never to regain the throne. Instead, Miklós Horthy ruled as regent until 1944, in a kingdom without a king.

Otto spoke German, Hungarian, Croatian, English, Spanish, French and Latin fluently. In later life, he would write some forty books in German, Hungarian, French and Spanish.^[15] His mother made him learn many languages because she believed he one day might rule over many lands.^[16][17]

Years in exile

Otto's family spent the subsequent years in Switzerland, and on the Portuguese island of Madeira, where Charles died prematurely in 1922, leaving the nine-year-old Otto pretender to the throne. On his father's deathbed, his mother, Empress Dowager Zita, told Otto, "your father is now sleeping the eternal sleep—you are now Emperor and King".^[18] The family eventually relocated to the Basque town of Lekeitio, where forty Spanish grandees bought them a villa.

Meanwhile, the Austrian parliament had officially expelled the Habsburg dynasty and confiscated all the official property via the Habsburg Law of 3 April 1919. Charles was banned from ever returning to Austria again, while Otto and other male members could only return if they renounced all claims to the throne and accepted the status of private citizens.

In 1935, he graduated with a PhD degree in Political and Social Sciences from the University of Louvain in Belgium. His thesis was on "the right, born of usage and of the peasant law of inheritance, of the indivisibility of rural land ownership in Austria".^[19][20] In 1937 he wrote,^[21]

“

I know very well that the overwhelming majority of the Austrian population would like me to assume the heritage of the peace emperor, my beloved father, rather earlier than later. ... The [Austrian] people have never cast a vote in favor of the republic. They have remained silent as long as they were exhausted from the long fight, and taken by surprise by the audacity of the revolutionaries of 1918 and 1919. They shook off their resignation when they realized that the revolution had raped their right to life and freedom. … Such trust places a heavy burden on me. I accept it readily. God willing, the hour of reunion between the Duke and the people will arrive soon.

”

Otto von Habsburg (left) and Count von Degenfeld in 1933.

He continued to enjoy considerable public support in Austria; from 1931 to 1938, 1,603 Austrian municipalities named Otto an honorary citizen.^[22]John Gunther believed that Zita was less popular among Austrians, however, writing in 1936 that "restoration would be a good deal closer if Otto's return would not mean also the return of his mother—to say nothing of hundreds of assorted and impoverished Habsburg cousins and aunts, who would flock to Vienna like ants to a keg of syrup". A greater obstacle, he wrote, was the opposition of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, which feared that their people might want to rejoin a recreated monarchy.^[20]

World War II

Otto denounced Nazism, stating:

“

I absolutely reject [Nazi] Fascism for Austria ... This un-Austrian movement promises everything to everyone, but really intends the most ruthless subjugation of the Austrian people ... The people of Austria will never tolerate that our beautiful fatherland should become an exploited colony, and that the Austrian should become a man of second category.[20]

”

He strongly opposed the Anschluss, and in 1938 requested Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg to resist Nazi Germany. He supported international intervention^[9] and offered to return from exile to take over the reins of government to repel the Nazis.^[23] According to Gerald Warner, "Austrian Jews were among the strongest supporters of a Habsburg restoration, since they believed the dynasty would give the nation sufficient resolve to stand up to the Third Reich".^[24]

Following the German annexation of Austria, Otto was sentenced to death by the Nazi regime; Rudolf Hess ordered that Otto was to be executed immediately if caught.^[3][25] As ordered by Adolf Hitler, his personal property and that of the House of Habsburg were confiscated. It was not returned after the war.^[26] The so-called "Habsburg Law", which had previously been repealed, was reintroduced by the Nazis. The leaders of the Austrian legitimist movement, i.e. supporters of Otto, were arrested by the Nazis and largely executed (Stefan Zweig's novella The Royal Game is based on these events). Otto's cousins Max, Duke of Hohenberg, and Prince Ernst of Hohenberg were arrested in Vienna by the Gestapo and sent to Dachau concentration camp where they remained throughout Nazi rule. Otto was involved in helping around 15,000 Austrians,^[27] including thousands of Austrian Jews, flee the country at the beginning of the Second World War.^[19][28]

After the German invasion of France in 1940, the family left the French capital and fled to Portugal with a visa issued by Aristides de Sousa Mendes, the Portuguese consul in Bordeaux.^[29] For his own safety, Otto left the European continent for the United States and lived from 1940 to 1944 in Washington, D.C. In 1941, Hitler personally revoked the citizenship of Otto, his mother and his siblings, and the imperial-royal family found themselves stateless.^[30]

During his wartime exile in the United States, Otto and his younger brothers were in direct contact with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the federal government. His efforts to create an "Austrian Battalion" in the United States Army were delayed and never implemented. However, he successfully convinced the U.S. to halt or limit the bombardment of Austrian cities, especially the capital, Vienna,^[27] which were consequently delayed by high-ranking commanding personnel; bombardments on Vienna began later in the war (1943). Otto tried hard to set symbolic steps for the will of Austria and Austrians to be free, independent and democratic; he expressed concern that after the war, Austria was in danger of becoming a Soviet satellite state. Otto was commonly known in the U.S. as "Otto of Austria", trying to keep Austria and its neighbors in the minds of the American people via starting a series of stamps (the Overrun Countries series) containing the German-occupied nations of Europe.

He obtained the support of Winston Churchill for a conservative "Danube Federation", in effect a restoration of Austria-Hungary, but Joseph Stalin put an end to these plans.^[23] He lobbied for the recognition of an Austrian government-in-exile, for the rights of the German-speaking population of South Tyrol, against the deportation of the German-speaking inhabitants of Bohemia and eastern Europe, and against letting Stalin rule Eastern Europe.^[31][32]

After World War II

At the end of the war, Otto returned to Europe and lived for some years in France and Spain.

In 1949, he ennobled several people, granting them Austrian noble titles, although not recognized by the Austrian republic.^{[citation needed]} As he did not possess a passport and was effectively stateless, he was given a passport of the Principality of Monaco, thanks to the intervention of Charles de Gaulle in 1946. As a Knight of Malta, the order also issued him a diplomatic passport. Later, he was also issued with a Spanish diplomatic passport.^[33]

On 8 May 1956, Otto was recognized as an Austrian citizen by the provincial government of Lower Austria.^[34] The Austrian Interior Ministry approved this declaration of Citizenship, but on the condition that he accept the name Dr. Otto Habsburg-Lothringen, on 8 February 1957. However, this only entitled him to a passport "valid in every country but Austria".^[35] Otto had already submitted a written statement, on 21 February 1958, that he and his family would renounce all privileges to which a member of the House of Habsburg was formerly entitled, but this first declaration did not satisfy the requirements of the Habsburg Law, which stated that Otto and other descendants of Charles could only return to Austria if they renounced all royal claims and accepted the status of private citizens. In 1961, Spanish caudillo Francisco Franco offered to make him king of Spain after his own death, which Otto declined.^[36][37] He officially declared his loyalty to the Republic of Austria on 5 June 1961, but this statement was ruled insufficient as well.

In a declaration dated 31 May 1961, Otto renounced all claims to the Austrian throne and proclaimed himself "a loyal citizen of the republic", "for purely practical reasons".^[38] In a 2007 interview on the occasion of his approaching 95th birthday, Otto stated:

“

This was such an infamy, I'd rather never have signed it. They demanded that I abstain from politics. I would not have dreamed of complying. Once you have tasted the opium of politics, you never get rid of it.[39]

”

The Austrian administrative court found on 24 May 1963 that Otto's statement was sufficient to meet this requirement. His wife and he were then issued a Certified Proof of Citizenship on 20 July 1965. However, several elements in the country, particularly the Socialists, were ill-disposed to welcoming back the heir of the deposed dynasty. This touched off political infighting and civil unrest that almost precipitated a crisis of state, and later became known as the "Habsburg Crisis".^[40] It was only on 1 June 1966, after the People's Party won an outright majority in the national election, that Otto was issued an Austrian passport, and was finally able to visit his home country again on 31 October 1966 for the first time in 48 years. That day, he traveled to Innsbruck to visit the grave of Archduke Eugen of Austria. Later, he visited Vienna on 5 July 1967.^{[41][42][43][44][45][46]}

Political career

Otto von Habsburg giving a speech

An early advocate of a unified Europe, Otto was president of the International Paneuropean Union from 1973 to 2004.^[47] He served from 1979 until 1999 as a Member of the European Parliament for the conservative Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) party, eventually becoming the senior member of the European Parliament. He was also a member of the Mont Pelerin Society.^[48] He was a major supporter of the expansion of the European Union from the beginning and especially of the acceptance of Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. During his time in the European Parliament, he was involved in a fracas with fellow MEP Ian Paisley, a unionist Protestant pastor from Northern Ireland. In 1988, Pope John Paul II had just begun a speech to the Parliament when Paisley, a vehement anti-Catholic, shouted that the Pope was the Antichrist, and held up a poster reading "Pope John Paul II Antichrist". Otto snatched Paisley's banner and, along with other MEPs, ejected him from the chamber.^[49]

He was one of the men instrumental in organising the so-called Pan-European Picnic at the Hungary-Austria border on 19 August 1989.^[5] This event is considered a milestone in the collapse of Communist dictatorships in Europe.^[50]

He was reportedly a patron of the Three Faiths Forum, a group which aims to encourage friendship, goodwill and understanding amongst people of the three monotheistic faiths of Christianity, Judaism and Islam in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.^{[citation needed]}

Otto (first right) with Helmut Kohl (third right) at the ceremony of the European Prize Coudenhove-Kalergi

In December 2006, he observed that, "The catastrophe of 11 September 2001 struck the United States more profoundly than any of us, whence a certain mutual incomprehension. Until then, the United States felt itself secure, persuaded of its power to bombard any enemy, without anyone being able to strike back. That sentiment vanished in an instant. Americans understand viscerally for the first time the risks they face."^[51] He was known as a supporter of the rights of refugees and displaced people in Europe, notably of the ethnic Germans displaced from Bohemia where he was once the Crown Prince.^[52] He was a jury member of the Franz Werfel Human Rights Award.^[53] He also held Francisco Franco in a high regard and praised him for helping refugees, stating that he was "a dictator of the South American type, not totalitarian like Hitler or Stalin".^[54]

In 2002, he was named the first-ever honorary member of the European People's Party group.^[55]

On the 2008 anniversary of the Anschluss,^{[56][57][58][59][60]} Otto von Habsburg made a statement as part of his "1938 Remembrance Day" address before Parliament that "there is no country in Europe that has a better claim to be a victim of the Nazis than Austria".^[61] Although his speech received an ovation,^[62] this received public protest, media criticism and disapproval voiced by Austrian politicians.^[63]Social Democratic Party Defence Minister Norbert Darabos was quoted as saying that the remarks were "unacceptable", "a veritable democratic-political scandal" and that he had "insulted the victims of National Socialism". Otto von Habsburg was also quoted as saying that "a discussion as to whether Austria was an accomplice or a victim is an outrage".^[64]Austrian People's Party military spokesman Walter Murauer defended Otto's statement at the time.^[65] Murauer claimed that there was "another reality behind the mass of people who listened to Hitler on the Heldenplatz", meaning the "thousands in the resistance and thousands in prison waiting to be transported to Dachau" near Munich. Murauer also recalled that Engelbert Dollfuß had been the only head of government in Europe to have been murdered by the Nazis. Murauer advised Darabos "to avoid populist pot-shots against an honourable European of the highest calibre". Otto's son, Karl von Habsburg, also defended his father's words, in a 2011 statement, stating that "there were guilty parties in practically every country".^[66]

Death and funeral

Main article: Death and funeral of Otto von Habsburg

Otto and Regina lying in repose in the Capuchin Church, Vienna, draped with the Habsburg flag. The insignias of the various orders and decorations accumulated by Habsburg are on display. The guards of honour are dressed in Austro-Hungarian uniforms.

After the death of his wife, Regina, aged 85, in Pöcking on 3 February 2010, Otto stopped appearing in public. He died at the age of 98 on Monday, 4 July 2011, at his home in Pöcking, Germany. His spokeswoman reported that he died "peacefully and without pain in his sleep".^[5][8] On 5 July, his body was laid in repose in the Church of St. Ulrich near his home in Pöcking, Bavaria, and a massive 13-day period of mourning started in several countries formerly part of Austria-Hungary.^[67] Otto's coffin was draped with the Habsburg flag decorated with the imperial–royal coats of arms of Austria and Hungary in addition to the Habsburg family coat of arms. In line with the Habsburg family tradition, Otto von Habsburg was buried in the family's crypt in Vienna, while his heart was buried in a monastery in Pannonhalma, Hungary.^[8]

Family

4-year-old Crown Prince Otto of Hungary in Budapest in 1916, attending his parents' coronation as King and Queen of Hungary, painted by Gyula Éder (inspired by a frame of the coronation film).

He married Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen on 10 May 1951 at the Church of Saint-François-des-Cordeliers in Nancy, capital city of Lorraine.^[68] The wedding was attended by his mother Empress Zita. He returned there with his wife for their golden jubilee in 2001. Otto lived in retirement at the Villa Austria in Pöcking near Starnberg, upon Starnberger See, Upper Bavaria, Bavaria, Germany.

At the time of his death in 2011, the couple had had seven children, 22 grandchildren and two great-grandchildren:^[69]

• 
  Andrea von Habsburg, born 30 May 1953 (1953-05-30) (age 65). Married Hereditary Count Karl Eugen von Neipperg. They have three sons, two daughters and three grandchildren.


• 
  Monika von Habsburg, born on (1954-09-13) 13 September 1954 (age 63). Married Luis María Gonzaga de Casanova-Cárdenas y Barón, Duke of Santangelo and Grandee of Spain, a descendant of Infanta Luisa Teresa of Spain, Duchess of Sessa and sister of Francis, King-Consort of Spain.


• 
  Michaela von Habsburg, born on (1954-09-13) 13 September 1954 (age 63). Monika's twin sister. Married firstly Eric Alba Teran d'Antin, and secondly Count Hubertus of Kageneck. She has two sons Gabor and Adam from her first marriage. Twice divorced.^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Gabriela von Habsburg, born on (1956-10-14) 14 October 1956 (age 61)
  Married Christian Meister in 1978, divorced in 1997.^{[citation needed]} Has issue.


• 
  Walburga von Habsburg, born on (1958-10-05) 5 October 1958 (age 59)
  Married Count Carl Axel Archibald Douglas.^[70]


• 
  Karl von Habsburg, born on (1961-01-11) 11 January 1961 (age 57)
  Married Baroness Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza, born on (1958-06-07) 7 June 1958 (age 60) Has Issue.


• 
  Georg von Habsburg, born on (1964-12-16) 16 December 1964 (age 53)
  Married Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg, born on (1972-08-22) 22 August 1972 (age 45) Has Issue.

Titles and styles

Styles of Crown Prince Otto of Austria
Reference style	His Imperial and Royal Highness
Spoken style	Your Imperial and Royal Highness
Alternative style	Sir

• 
  20 November 1912 – 21 November 1916: His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke and Prince Otto of Austria, Prince of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia^[1]


• 
  21 November 1916 – 4 July 2011: His Imperial and Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia^[1][2]

Titles in pretence from 1 April 1922

See also: Pretender

• 
  By the Grace of God Emperor of Austria; Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria; King of Jerusalem etc.; Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Bukowina; Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen, Friuli, Dubrovnik and Zadar; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent and Brixen; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenburg etc.; Lord of Trieste, Kotor and the Windic March, Grand Voivod of the Voivodeship of Serbia etc. etc.^[71]

Official in Austria

• 
  20 November 1912 – 21 November 1916: His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke and Prince Otto of Austria, Prince of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia^[1]


• 
  21 November 1916 – 12 November 1918: His Imperial and Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia^[1][2]


• 
  12 November 1918 – 1919: Otto Erzherzog von Österreich, Prinz von Ungarn


• 
  1919–1941 (citizenship revoked by Adolf Hitler in 1941): Herr Otto Habsburg-Lothringen


• 
  1941–1965: Otto did not have citizenship in any country, but he had a passport of Monaco from 1946 as His Imperial and Royal Highness Otto von Habsburg, plus a passport of the Order of Malta and a diplomatic passport of Spain under the same name)


• 
  1965–4 July 2011: Doktor Otto Habsburg-Lothringen

Official in Croatia

• 
  21 November 1916 – 29 October 1918: His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia^[1][2]

He became a citizen of the Republic of Croatia in 1990, with the official name:

• 
  1990 – 4 July 2011: Otto Habsburško-Lotarinški, but since nobility titles are not forbidden by law he was publicly and by the state referred to as Archduke (sometimes Crown prince) Otto von Habsburg^[72]

Official in Germany

Otto von Habsburg became a citizen of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1978, and was allowed the official name:

• 
  1978 – 4 July 2011: Otto von Habsburg

Honours

National dynastic honours

• 
  House of Habsburg:
  
  • Former Sovereign Knight with Collar of the Austrian Imperial and Royal Order of the Golden Fleece^{[73][74][75][76][77][78]}
  
  
  • Former Sovereign Knight Grand Cordon with Collar of the Imperial and Royal Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary^{[73][74][79][80][81]}
  
  
  • Former Sovereign Knight Grand Cordon with Collar of the Imperial and Royal Order of Leopold^{[73][74][80][81][82]}
  
  
  • Former Sovereign Knight Grand Cordon with Collar of the Imperial and Royal Order of the Iron Crown, Special Class^{[73][74][80][81]}
  
  

Foreign honours

• 
   Croatia: Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir^[73][72][83]


• 
   Estonia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana^[73]


• 
   France: Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour^[73][84][85]


• Germany:
  
  • 
     German Empire:
    
    • 
      Bavarian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Hubert^[73][86]
    
    
    • 
      Ducal Family of Saxe-Meiningen: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Saxe-Ernestine Meiningen House Order^[81]
    
    
  
  
  • 
     Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany^[73][87]
    • 
       Bavaria: Member of the Decoration of Merit^[73]
  
  


• 
  Italian Royal Family: Knight Grand Collar of the Royal Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation^[73]
  • 
    Two Sicilian Royal Family:
    
    • Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Order of Saint Januarius^[73]
    
    
    • Bailiff Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Two Sicilian Royal Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George^[73][81]
    
    
  
  
  • 
    Parmese Ducal Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Parmese Royal Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George^[73]
  
  


• 
   Kosovo: Recipient of the Medal of Liberty, Special Class^[73]


• 
   Latvia: Commander of the Order of the Three Stars^[73]


• 
   Lithuania: Commander of the Order of Grand Duke Gediminas^[73]


• 
   Luxembourg: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau^[73][75][86]


• 
   Morocco: Knight of the Order of Military Merit^[73]


• 
   Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange^[73]


• 
   Macedonia: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit^[73][88]


• 
   Pakistan: Grand Officer of the Order of the Great Leader^[73]


• 
  Portuguese Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa^[73]


• 
   Rhodesia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Merit^[73]


• 
   San Marino: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Agatha^[73]


• 
  Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Knight Grand Cross of Obedience of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, 2nd Class^{[73][80][86][89]}


• 
   Spain:
  
  • Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III^[73]
  
  
  • Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Africa^[73]
  
  


• 
    Vatican: Honorary Knight Grand Commander of the Teutonic Order^[73]
  • 
     Holy See:
    
    • Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great^[73]
    
    
    • Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Sylvester^[73]
    
    

Awards

• 
   South Tyrol: Recipient of the Grand Order of Merit^[73]


• 
  Badge of the Tyrolean Nobility Register
  

Non-governmental awards

• 
  Paneuropean Union: Special Rank of the European Medal of the Paneuropean Union Germany


• 
  Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft: European Charles Price of the Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft

Academic awards

• Medal of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, Institut de France, Paris, France


• Medal of the Royal Moroccan Academy, Morocco


• Medal of the Academia da Cultura Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal


• Medal of the Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, Madrid, Spain


• 
  Honorary Professor of the University of Bogota, Colombia


• 
  Honorary Fellow of the University of Jerusalem, Israel


• 
  Honorary Member of the Instituto de Estudos da Marinha, Portugal


• 
  Honorary Senator of the University of Maribor, Slovenia


• 
  Honorary Doctor of the University of Osijek, Croatia


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Nancy, Lorraine, France


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Turku, Finland


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Budapest, Hungary


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Pécs, Hungary


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Veszprém, Hungary


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Jerusalem, Israel


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Ferrara, Italy


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Skopje, Macedonia


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
  


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  


• Honorary Doctor of the University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, USA
  


• Accademician of Studium, Accademia di Casale e del Monferrato, Italy

Ancestry

Ancestors of Otto von Habsburg

16. Archduke Franz Karl of Austria 8. Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria 17. Princess Sophie of Bavaria 4. Archduke Otto of Austria 18. Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies 9. Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 19. Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria 2. Charles I of Austria 20. John I of Saxony 10. George I of Saxony 21. Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria 5. Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony 22. Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 11. Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal 23. Maria II of Portugal 1. Crown Prince Otto 24. Charles II, Duke of Parma 12. Charles III, Duke of Parma 25. Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy 6. Robert I, Duke of Parma 26. Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 13. Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois 27. Princess Marie-Caroline of the Two Sicilies 3. Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma 28. John VI of Portugal 14. Miguel I of Portugal 29. Infanta Carlota Joaquina of Spain 7. Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal 30. Prince Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg 15. Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg 31. Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Footnotes

1. 
   ^ ^abcdefgh Kaiser Joseph II. harmonische Wahlkapitulation mit allen den vorhergehenden Wahlkapitulationen der vorigen Kaiser und Könige. . Since 1780 official title used for princes (zu Hungarn, Böheim, Dalmatien, Kroatien, Sflavonien, Königlicher Erbprinz)
   


2. 
   ^ ^abcdef Croatian Coronation Oath of 1916. . P.2-4, 'Emperor of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia Apostolic king'
   


3. 
   ^ ^ab Dan van der Vat (4 July 2011). "Otto von Habsburg obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 July 2011. 
   


4. 
   ^ Otto was born as His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Otto of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia and became the Crown Prince of these countries in 1916. After 1919, titles of nobility were formally abolished in Austria, thus in official use the "von" disappeared before Habsburg. The same applied after Habsburg became a German citizen (see Printausgabe der deutschen Wochenzeitung die Zeit of 21 July 2011, p. 36). By courtesy, he would also be referred to by the European royal and princely courts by his former style and title, i.e. as His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Otto of Austria. In the Austrian republic the authorities referred to him from 1919 as Otto Habsburg-Lothringen, a name he never used himself. Otto did not live in Austria after 1918, and his citizenship there was revoked by Adolf Hitler in 1941, making him stateless. His Austrian citizenship was only restored in 1965. Otto later became a citizen of or was issued passports of several other countries, where his official name was Otto von Habsburg. As a Member of the European Parliament for Germany, his official name in the European Union was Otto von Habsburg. On his website, he used the style and name His Imperial and Royal Highness Dr. Otto von Habsburg.
   


5. 
   ^ ^abcd Nicholas Kulish (4 July 2011). "Otto von Hapsburg, a Would-Be Monarch, Dies at 98". The New York Times. 
   


6. 
   ^ "Habsburg: Last heir to Austro-Hungarian empire dies". BBC News. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2011. 
   


7. 
   ^ "Die vielen Pflichten des Adels". Wiener Zeitung (in German). 5 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011. 
   


8. 
   ^ ^abc Scally, Derek (4 July 2011). "Death of former 'kaiser in exile' and last heir to Austro-Hungarian throne". The Irish Times. Retrieved 5 July 2011. 
   


9. 
   ^ ^ab Kaiser-Sohn Otto von Habsburg gestorben Deutsche Welle, 4 July 2011 (in German)
   


10. 
    ^ Tibor Pásztory. "Die beliebtesten Irrtümer zur Monarchie". Wienerzeitung.at. Retrieved 16 July 2011. 
    


11. 
    ^ "The Budapest Times – Hungary's leading English Language source for daily news". Budapesttimes.hu. 26 November 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
    


12. 
    ^ "Trauer um Otto von Habsburg". Kathweb.at. Retrieved 8 July 2011. 
    


13. 
    ^ Wiener Zeitung, 26 November 1912.
    


14. 
    ^ Scally, Derek (5 July 2011). "Death of former 'kaiser in exile' and last heir to Austro-Hungarian throne". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 September 2011. 
    


15. 
    ^ "Otto von Habsburg, heir to Austria's last emperor, dies at 98". The Local. Retrieved 5 July 2011. 
    


16. 
    ^ "Habsburg Empire: Clown Prince". TIME. 11 March 1940. Retrieved 5 July 2011. 
    


17. 
    ^ Warren, David (10 July 2011). "The Europe that might have been". The Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011. 
    


18. 
    ^ "Habsburgs Erbe zerfiel und erlebte dennoch eine Renaissance". Diepresse.com. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011. 
    


19. 
    ^ ^ab "Otto Hapsburg, eldest son of Austria's last emperor, dies at 98". Thenational.ae. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011. 
    


20. 
    ^ ^abc Gunther, John (1936). Inside Europe. Harper & Brothers. pp. 321–323. 
    


21. 
    ^ Gedächtnisjahrbuch 1937, 9. Jg.: Dem Andenken an Karls von Österreich Kaiser und König. Arbeitsgemeinschaft österreichischer Vereine – Wien, W. Hamburger 1937
    


22. 
    ^ Heinz Arnberger, Winfried R. Garscha, Rudolf G. Ardelt, Christa Mitterrutzner, Anschluß 1938, Dokumentationsarchiv des Österreichischen Widerstandes, Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1988, ISBN 3-215-06824-9
    


23. 
    ^ ^ab "Archduke Otto von Habsburg". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011. 
    


24. 
    ^ Warner, Gerald (20 November 2008). "Otto von Habsburg's 96th birthday telescopes European history". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 6 July 2011. 
    


25. 
    ^ Omeidl "Rudolf Hess, der Stellvertreter des Führers, hatte den deutschen Invasionstruppen für das neutrale Belgien den Befehl erteilt, Otto von Habsburg und seine Brüder, falls sie gefasst würden, ohne jedes weitere Verfahren sofort zu erschießen." "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2011. 
    


26. 
    ^ Zoch, Irene (22 February 2004). "Habsburgs demand return of estates seized by Nazis in 1938". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 6 July 2011. 
    


27. 
    ^ ^ab "Otto von Habsburg, oldest son of Austria-Hungary's last emperor, dies at age 98". Newser. Retrieved 6 July 2011. ^{[permanent dead link]}
    


28. 
    ^ http://www.heraldscotland.com/mobile/comment/obituaries/otto-von-habsburg-1.1110433
    


29. 
    ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013. 
    


30. 
    ^ Stephan Baier, Eva Demmerle: Otto von Habsburg. Die Biografie. Amalthea, Wien 2002, ISBN 3-85002-486-5, p. 122.
    


31. 
    ^ "Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, European Advisory Commission, Austria, Germany, Volume III - Office of the Historian". Retrieved 11 December 2016. 
    


32. 
    ^ "Sie nannten ihn 'Otto von Europa'". Die-tagespost.de. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011. 
    


33. 
    ^ Kathpress. "Kathpress - Katholische Presseagentur Österreich". Retrieved 11 December 2016. 
    


34. 
    ^ Oliver Meidl: Monarch. A Life for Europe – Republican Recognition in Black and Yellow. "Ottos Anwalt verfassten Text vom 21. Februar 1958, in dem es heißt: "Um in meine Heimat zurückkehren zu können, erkläre ich im eigenen Namen und im Namen meiner Gemahlin und meiner minderjährigen Kinder als österreichischer Staatsbürger, die derzeit in Österreich geltenden Gesetze anzuerkennen und mich als getreuer Bürger der Republik zu bekennen." July 2011 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2011. 
    


35. 
    ^ Gedenkdienst Archive Zur Geschichte der „Habsburger-Gesetze“ http://www.gedenkdienst.at/index.php?id=679
    


36. 
    ^ "Otto von Habsburg who saw end of empire dead at 98". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016. 
    


37. 
    ^ Rising, David (4 July 2011). "Otto von Habsburg who saw end of empire dead at 98". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 1 October 2017. 
    


38. 
    ^ Brook-Shepherd, pg. 181
    


39. 
    ^ Die Presse, Unabhängige Tageszeitung für Österreich. 10–11 November 2007. pg. 3 (German online version dated 9 November 2007: [1]. WebCite archive
    


40. 
    ^ Mommsen-Reindl, Margarete (1976). Die Österreichische Proporzdemokratie und der Fall Habsburg. Böhlaus zeitgeschichtliche Bibliothek. 1. Vienna: Hermann Böhlaus Nachf. ISBN 3205071263. 
    


41. 
    ^ Salzburger Nachrichten 1 June 1963 (German) "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2011. 
    


42. 
    ^ A Life for Europe: Republican Recognition in Black and Yellow. "Otto von Habsburg am 31. Oktober 1966 nach Österreich ein und besuchte in Innsbruck das Grab von Erzherzog Eugen." "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2011. 
    


43. 
    ^ E. Feigl, Otto von Habsburg, Profil eines Lebens, 1992 ISBN 3-85002-327-3
    


44. 
    ^ Austria-Online-Lexicon (German) http://www.austria-lexikon.at/af/Wissenssammlungen/Biographien/Habsburg,_Otto
    


45. 
    ^ Austria Presse Agentur with backing from ÖRF (press archive, 1955–1985) (German) http://www.historisch.apa.at/cms/apa-historisch/dossier.html?dossierID=AHD_19580221_AHD0001
    


46. 
    ^ "PK-Nr. 743/2006". Parlament.gv.at. Retrieved 5 July 2011. 
    


47. 
    ^ Thomas Wilhelm Schwarzer. "Erzherzog Dr. Otto von Habsburg". Otto.twschwarzer.de. Retrieved 5 May 2010. 
    


48. 
    ^ Peterson, David (1999). Revoking the moral order: the ideology of positivism and the Vienna circle. Lexington Books. p. 122. 
    


49. 
    ^ "Death of former 'kaiser in exile' and last heir to Austro-Hungarian throne". The Irish Times. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2015. 
    


50. 
    ^ Barta, Györgyi (2005). Hunagrian spaces and places:patterns of transition. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. p. 2. ISBN 963-9052-46-9. 
    


51. 
    ^ Lalanne, Dorothée (6 December 2006). "Otto de Habsbourg: Européen Avant Tout". Point de Vue (3046): 46. 
    


52. 
    ^ "Zemřel syn posledního rakouského císaře Otto von Habsburg – ČeskéNoviny.cz". Ceskenoviny.cz. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
    


53. 
    ^ "Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen". Z-g-v.de. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011. 
    


54. 
    ^ "Otto von Habsburg who saw end of empire dead at 98". Forbes. Retrieved 5 July 2011. ^{[dead link]}
    


55. 
    ^ "Otto von Habsburg – first honorary member of the EPP-ED Group". Eppgroup.eu. Retrieved 8 July 2011. 
    


56. 
    ^ Südtirol Online, 4 July 2011 "Was eigentlich ein Skandal war, nämlich die Diskussion hier in Österreich über die Frage, ob Österreich ein Mitschuldiger war oder ob es ein Opfer war. Meine Damen und Herren, ich glaube es gibt keinen Staat in Europa, der mehr Recht hat, sich als Opfer zu bezeichnen, als es Österreich gewesen ist.“ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011. 
    


57. 
    ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung, 12 March 2008 (German) http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/oesterreichs-anschluss-an-nazi-deutschland-habsburg-holt-opferthese-aus-der-mottenkiste-1.282308
    


58. 
    ^ Kurier, Wien, July 8, 2011 (German)...es gebe "keinen Staat in Europa, der mehr Recht hat, sich als Opfer zu bezeichnen, als es Österreich gewesen ist". http://kurier.at/nachrichten/3921065.php
    


59. 
    ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung, 9 April 2008 (German) http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kz-kommandant-goeth-morden-bereichern-intrigieren-1.195309
    


60. 
    ^ Focus Online, 4 July 2011 (German) http://www.focus.de/panorama/vermischtes/otto-von-habsburg-das-bewegte-leben-des-otto-von-europa_aid_642777.html
    


61. 
    ^ "70 Jahre AnschlussHabsburg plädiert für Opferrolle Österreichs". Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-14. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) Ö1 Inforadio 03/10/2008 (German) "Was eigentlich ein Skandal war, nämlich die Diskussion hier in Österreich über die Frage, ob Österreich ein Mitschuldiger war oder ob es ein Opfer war. Meine Damen und Herren, ich glaube es gibt keinen Staat in Europa, der mehr Recht hat sich als Opfer zu bezeichnen, als es Österreich gewesen ist."
    


62. 
    ^ ÖRF Online (German) http://sciencev1.orf.at/uhl/151021.html
    


63. 
    ^ N-TV, 12 March 2008 (German) http://www.n-tv.de/politik/dossier/Oesterreich-arbeitet-auf-article255663.html
    


64. 
    ^ Tiroler Tageszeitung, 9 July 2011(German) http://www.tt.com/csp/cms/sites/tt/Nachrichten/3029285-2/karl-habsburg-verteidigt-v%C3%A4terliche-aussage-%C3%BCber-opferrolle.csp
    


65. 
    ^ Austrian Times, 11 March 2008 (English) Habsburg Claims Austria Was Victim http://austriantimes.at/?c=1&id=4010-newentry Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
    


66. 
    ^ Der Standard, 9 July 2011 (German) "Mitschuldige gab es praktisch in jedem Land" http://derstandard.at/1308680832243/Karl-Habsburg-verteidigt-revisionistische-Aussagen-seines-Vaters
    


67. 
    ^ "Thirteen days of commemoration for Otto von Habsburg begins". Monsters and Critics. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011. 
    


68. 
    ^ Hofburg Manfred (7 September 2012). "Otto von Habsburg Hochzeit Nancy.mov". Retrieved 11 December 2016 – via YouTube. 
    


69. 
    ^ Kulish, Nicholas (4 July 2011). "Otto von Hapsburg, a Would-Be Monarch, Dies at 98". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 Sep 2014. 
    


70. 
    ^ "Habsburg 3". Retrieved 11 December 2016. 
    


71. 
    ^ Francois R. Velde. "Royal Styles". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 6 July 2011. 
    


72. 
    ^ ^ab "Odluka kojom se odlikuju za izniman doprinos" (in Croatian). Narodne novine. 7 July 1995. Retrieved 2008-07-12.  (Official decree and list of persons awarded by the President of Croatia with the Grand Order of King Zvonimir, no.6. 'Archduke Otto von Habsburg'
    


73. 
    ^ ^{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeaf} ottovonhabsburg.org, page with the Orders and Decorations of Crown Prince Otto Archived 16 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
    


74. 
    ^ ^abcd blogspot.com, Crown Prince Otto wearing 4 Imperial Orders
    


75. 
    ^ ^ab alamy.com, Crown Prince Otto wearing Austrian and Luxembourg stars
    


76. 
    ^ http://www.monarchisten.org/Erzherzog-Otto-tot.jpg
    


77. 
    ^ http://www.twschwarzer.de/ottogmgv.jpg
    


78. 
    ^ http://c7.alamy.com/comp/H1R5ND/archduke-otto-von-habsburg-r-looks-at-the-pope-as-his-wife-kisses-H1R5ND.jpg
    


79. 
    ^ http://www.twschwarzer.de/ottoks.jpg
    


80. 
    ^ ^abcd dailymail.co.uk, Crown Prince Otto wearing 3 Austrian Stars and the Maltese Star
    


81. 
    ^ ^abcde absolutviajes.com, Crown Prince Otto wearing 3 Austrian Stars, Maltese Star and his marital order after he wed
    


82. 
    ^ https://f.ptcdn.info/518/043/000/o8pujajqma3HgcPeWNC-o.jpg
    


83. 
    ^ http://www.ottovonhabsburg.org/medien/img/mitTudjmann.jpg
    


84. 
    ^ "Décès d'Otto de Habsbourg" (in French). Retrieved 7 July 2011. 
    


85. 
    ^ "Otto Habsbourg s'est éteint à 98 ans" (in French). France 3. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011. 
    


86. 
    ^ ^abc gettyimages.com, Crown Prince Otto wearing Bavarian, Luxembourg and Maltese orders
    


87. 
    ^ http://www.ottovonhabsburg.org/medien/img/OvHmitFJS1987.jpg
    


88. 
    ^ http://heraldika.org.mk/en/news/oto-fon-habsburg-odlikuvan-so-orden-za/
    


89. 
    ^ The Grand Master of the Order of Malta at the funeral of Otto von Habsburg
    

Bibliography

• 
  Gordon Brook-Shepherd, Uncrowned Emperor – The Life and Times of Otto von Habsburg, Hambledon Continuum, London 2003. ISBN 1-85285-549-5.


• 
  Flavia Foradini, Otto d'Asburgo. L'ultimo atto di una dinastia, mgs press, Trieste, 2004. ISBN 88-89219-04-1
  


• 
  Stefan Haderer, Otto von Habsburg (1912-2011) - The Life of an Uncrowned Emperor, Royalty Digest Quarterly, Vol. 3/2011, Rosvall Royal Books, Falköping 2011


• 
  Stefan Haderer, An Imperial Farewell - Funeral Ceremonies of Otto von Habsburg, Royalty Digest Quarterly, Vol. 4/2011, Rosvall Royal Books, Falköping 2011

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Otto von Habsburg-Lothringen.

• Otto von Habsburg Obituary – The Independent (London, UK) 2011 By Martin Childs
  


• Erzherzog Dr. Otto von Habsburg (Autorisierte Ehrenseite)


• 
  Video interview of Otto von Habsbourg (French) European Navigator


• The Black & Yellow Alliance


• 
  Appearances on C-SPAN (Otto Von Habsburg)


• 
  Appearances on C-SPAN (Otto Habsburg)


• Archduke Otto von Habsburg, Crown Prince of Hungary, SAST REPORT


• 
  The Mises I Knew on YouTube Audio of Otto von Habsburg's English-language talk at Ludwig von Mises Institute's "Manifesto of Liberty" Summit, February 1999.


• Uncrowned emperor: the life and times of Otto von Habsburg By Gordon Brook-Shepherd


• Archduke Otto Von Habsburg and American Hungarian Emigres during and after World War II, by Steven Bela Vardy


• 
  Archduchess Regina von Habsburg – Daily Telegraph obituary


• Genealogics


• Obituary of Archduke Otto * Otto von Habsburg, The Daily Telegraph, 4 July 2011


• Official website covering the death and funeral of Otto von Habsburg


• 
  Otto von Habsburg (The Economist)


• 
  Newspaper clippings about Otto von Habsburg in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics (ZBW)

Otto von Habsburg House of Habsburg-Lorraine Cadet branch of the House of Lorraine Born: 20 November 1912 Died: 4 July 2011
Titles in pretence
Preceded by Emperor-King Charles	— TITULAR — Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia etc 1 April 1922 – 4 July 2011 Reason for succession failure: Austro-Hungarian Empire abolished in 1918	Succeeded by Charles von Habsburg
Political offices
Preceded by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi	International President of the Paneuropean Union 1973–2004	Succeeded by Alain Terrenoire

v t e Austrian archdukes
1st generation	Frederick V Albert VI Sigismund
2nd generation	Cristopher Maximilian I John Wolfgang
3rd generation	Philip I of Castile Archduke Francis
4th generation	Charles I Ferdinand I
5th generation	Philip II of SpainS Maximilian II Ferdinand II FerdinandS JohnS John FerdinandS Charles II
6th generation	Charles, Prince of AsturiasS Ferdinand Rudolf V Ernest Matthias Maximilian III Albert VII Wenzel Frederick Charles Ferdinand, Prince of AsturiasS Ferdinand Carlos LorenzoS Diego, Prince of AsturiasS Philip III of SpainS Ferdinand III Charles Maximilian Ernest Leopold V Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw
7th generation	Charles Philip IV of SpainS Philipp John-Charles Albert CharlesS Ferdinand IV FerdinandS Alfonso Mauricio Leopold Wilhelm Ferdinand Charles Sigismund Francis
8th generation	Balthasar Charles, Prince of AsturiasS Ferdinand IV of Hungary Francisco FernandoS Philip August Maximilian Thomas Leopold VI Charles Joseph Ferdinand Joseph Alois Philip Prospero, Prince of AsturiasS Ferdinand ThomasS Charles II of SpainS
9th generation	Ferdinand Wenzel John Leopold Joseph I Leopold Joseph Charles III
10th generation	Leopold Joseph Leopold John
11th generation	Joseph IIT Charles JosephT Leopold VIIT FerdinandT Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of CologneT
12th generation	Emperor Francis IT Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of TuscanyT Charles, Duke of TeschenT Alexander Leopold, Palatine of HungaryT Joseph, Palatine of HungaryT Anton VictorT JohnT Rainer JosephT Archduke LouisT Cardinal-Archduke RudolfT Joseph FranzM Francis IV, Duke of ModenaM Ferdinand Karl JosephM MaximilianM Karl, Primate of HungaryM
13th generation	Emperor Ferdinand I Francis Leopold, Grand Prince of TuscanyT Leopold II, Grand Duke of TuscanyT Joseph Franz Franz Karl Johann Nepomuk Albert, Duke of Teschen Stephen, Palatine of Hungary Karl Ferdinand Francis V, Duke of ModenaM Frederick Ferdinand Ferdinand Karl ViktorM Archduke Rudolf Leopold Ludwig Ernest Alexander Sigismund Leopold Rainer Ferdinand Wilhelm Franz Heinrich Anton Maximilian Karl Joseph Karl
14th generation	Emperor Franz Joseph I Maximilian I of Mexico Karl Ludwig Ludwig Viktor Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of TuscanyT Karl SalvatorT RainierT Ludwig SalvatorT John SalvatorT Karl Franz Joseph Friedrich, Duke of Teschen Charles Stephen Eugen Joseph August Ladislaus
15th generation	Crown Prince Rudolf Franz FerdinandM Otto Francis Ferdinand Karl Leopold FerdinandT Josef FerdinandT Peter FerdinandT Heinrich FerdinandT Robert FerdinandT Leopold SalvatorT Franz SalvatorT Albrecht SalvatorT Rainier SalvatorT Ferdinand SalvatorT Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen Karl Albrecht Leo Karl Wilhelm Joseph Francis Ladislaus Joseph Matthias
16th generation	Emperor Charles I Maximilian Eugen Habsburg Tuscany GottfriedT GeorgT RainerT Leopold MariaT AntonT Franz JosephT Karl PiusT Franz KarlT Hubert SalvatorT Theodor SalvatorT Clemens SalvatorT Palatines of Hungary Joseph Árpád István Géza Michael Koloman
17th generation	Descent of Charles I Crown Prince Otto RobertM Felix Carl Ludwig Rudolf Descent of Maximilian Ferdinand Karl Heinrich Maria Tuscany Leopold FranzT GuntramT RadbotT JohannT GeorgT StephanT DominicT Friederich SalvatorT Andreas SalvatorT Markus Emanuel SalvatorT JohannT MichaelT Franz SalvatorT Karl SalvatorT Palatines Joseph Karl Andreas Agustinus Nicholas Franz Johann Jacob Edward Karl Paul Rudolf
18th generation	Charles Karl Georg LorenzM GerhardM MartinM Karl Philipp Raimund Joseph István Rudolf Carl Christian Karl Peter Simeon Johannes Maximilian Maximilian Heinrich Philipp Joachim Ferdinand Karl Konrad Tuscany SigismundT GeorgT GuntramT LeopoldT Alexander SalvatorT Thaddäus SalvatorT Casimir SalvatorT MatthiasT JohannesT BernhardT BenediktT Palatines Joseph Albrecht (1994–) Paul Leo (1996–) Friedrich Cyprian (1995–) Pierre (1997–) Benedikt Alexander (2005–) Nicolás (2003–) Santiago (2006–) Johannes (2010–) Paul Benedikt (2000–)
19th generation	Charles Ferdinand Zvonimir Karl Konstantin AmedeoM JoachimM BartholomaeusM EmmanuelM LuigiM Felix Carl Andreas Franz Paul Johannes Carl Christian Johannes Thomas Franz Ludwig Michael Joseph Imre Christoph Alexander Lorenz Carl Johannes Ludwig Philipp Maximilian Nicholas Constantin Jacob Maximilian Tuscany Leopold AmedeoT MaximilianT LeopoldT Constantin SalvatorT Paul SalvatorT
S: also an infante of Spain T: also a prince of Tuscany M: also a prince of Modena

v t e Heads of the Austro-Hungarian royal family since 1918
Charles I & IV (1918–1922) Otto (1922–2011) Karl (2011–present) heir: Ferdinand Zvonimir
See also House of Habsburg

Authority control	WorldCat Identities BNE: XX837826 BNF: cb11918272d (data) GND: 118699873 ISNI: 0000 0001 1031 5733 LCCN: n80056913 NDL: 001233842 NKC: jn19990003041 NLA: 36277169 SELIBR: 189378 SNAC: w6d21x51 SUDOC: 027054306 VIAF: 97878326

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